China:Friend or Foe? PDF Print E-mail
Written by James Muritu   
Tuesday, 15 July 2008

While President Kibaki’s government and many others across Africa are opting for stronger partnerships with China rather than the West, there’s growing evidence of a need to take stock and consider our relations with China.

China's adopted approach of not commenting on or seeking to influence a country’s democratic and governance institutions is becoming increasingly popular with Africa regimes weary of the West’s regular interference in matters of State. It goes without saying that the Chinese scramble for Africa gained momentum with the election of George Bush II whose foreign policy has paid less mind to Africa, and much more attention to the Middle East and Asia. The Chinese wasted no time and over the last few years, their presence can be felt across the entire Africa continent, from Ghana to Kenya to South Africa to Zambia. In the latter case it’s worse, with the entry of Chinese retail traders who are busy taking away jobs from the informal sector traders. In Mozambique I came across Chinese traders engaged in the informal sector as well. In my visit to Tanzania last year, a local confided to me that it’s easier for a Chinese to set shop in Tanzania than a Kenyan. 

Whilst I have an admiral for the Chinese for their aggression, discipline and hard work, I’ve a bone to pick with them. Does any of you recall some two characters that were prevalent in high school days? On one side, we had the talkative fellow aka kimbele. This was an easy going character who in all sense suffered from an intoxication with verbal exuberance that almost left all in a state of limbo. He would lack no words to utter whether during prep time, class or parade. He would comment on anything, tease and sometimes even bully. Think the West, think this fellow. On the other hand, there was this quite reserved character with carefully scripted words and calculated moves and never looked fit to kill a fly. He would be on schedule and ahead of the pack while the talking fellow kept us glued to his entertaining stories. The resemblance between the Chinese and the latter character is one that cannot be doubted. On face the quite character looked disciplined and non-interfering. Unfortunately the story went that in a fit of rage, the chances of him piercing his fist through your mouth was higher.

The Chinese have perfected the art of a gentleman’s look while they pursue their selfish needs in mother Africa behind our backs. A typical case is the Darfur crisis. There’s now growing evidence that the biggest supporter of Sudan’s brutal regime currently propagating the Darfur genocide is no other than China. The BBC recently revealed details supporting this notion and were able to track Chinese military hardware deep into Darfur being used by Sudan’s military. An arms embargo against the Sudan regime was put in place some years back. The Chinese whose thirst for oil is unquenchable disregarded the embargo and went ahead to supply a batch of 212 Dong Feng army lorries that the UN traced as having arrived in Sudan after the arms embargo was effected. The BBC further claimed that they found witnesses who said they saw the first Dong Feng which the BBC tracked down, being used with Chinese anti-aircraft guns in an attack in a town called Sirba in West Darfur. This happened in December last year.

To all world news readers, it’s common knowledge that when China’s President Hu Jianto visited Sudan in 2007 he wrote off millions of dollars worth of debt. He went ahead to donate a multi million dollar interest free loan for a new presidential palace to Sudan’s dictator, President Omar al- Bashir. It’s not to say that President Hu was unaware of President Omar’s massacre of black Africans in Darfur. He was well aware but chose to place his countries business interests ahead of the need to protect human lives. Turning a blind eye, his support for the Sudan regime has grown exponentially and only God knows how many more Darfurians would be felled by the Chinese military hardware.

More recently, the Chinese did an equally appalling thing that has led me to further question why we should call them genuine friends. Words are not enough to describe Mugabe’s atrocities and the world has rallied against this once great African leader in a bid to push for his stepping down. To this effect, the UN Security Council decided to pass a resolution imposing new sanctions on Zimbabwe. The measures in the resolution included an arms embargo and travel ban for Mugabe and 13 of his allies. China was amongst the five countries that voted against this resolution in the name of non-interference with member states. It might be worthwhile to note that Libya, the upcoming scrambler of Africa sided with China, incase you still support the Grand Regency deal.

I sought to understand why China would support Mugabe considering that Zimbabwe has no oil deposits, a resource whose China has a very high affinity for. In my research I discovered that Zimbabwe is one of the world’s largest producers of platinum. Besides platinum, the country also has large deposits of coal, gold, nickel, tin and steel. I learned that platinum is considered one of the finest of all jewellery metals. Over 20% of all consumer goods either contain platinum or are produced using platinum. For instance hard disk drives, anti cancer drugs, fibre optic cables, explosives and LCD displays all rely on platinum. As Anglo American Plc, the company that controls the world’s biggest platinum production reviews its plans to mine the metal in Zimbabwe due to the political crisis, China’s mouth must be watering as it simmers with the opportunity of another natural resource strike. Mugabe’s embrace of China is expected with his international isolation. However for Kenya, Tanzania and the rest of Africa, to continue embracing this economic giant in the name of interest free loans, roads, bridges and airports, it is a worrying trend that ought to be checked closely. 

In a recent research paper by The Heritage Organisation, I was astonished to learn that in 2006, Chinese leaders visited half of Africa’s countries and they declared 2006, the “Year of Africa”. According to the paper China has at least $3 billion invested in the Sudanese energy sector and continues to pursue more investment opportunities.

My take is, China is a selfish, aggressive investor that would stop at nothing to get what she wants at the expense of human lives and good governance. Before further progressing and advancing the trend of blindly embracing China as a partner and friend, it’s time for Africa regimes to halt and take stock of whether this is a worthy cause. I am more worried though by the fact that while we are trying to stop China on one hand, on the other hand, another psycho christened Grand Regency grabber is bracing for grabs!


James Muritu
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written by mjunior , July 15, 2008
Muritu while I agree with some of the sentiments you have posted, I disagree on seeing China as this hungry veracious dragon. The Western countries and its agents including World Bank and IMF have all along played the same game that China is being accused of. They have supported dictatorial regimes like Mobutu just to get natural resources from our beloved continent. The Belgium were squarely involved in the murder of Lumumba and CIA in overthrowing Nkurumah-two gallant africanists. I wonder where the continent could be if they were alive.

Just to put it in context: China is the only major power without a military base in Africa. The French, British, Belgium have them. The US is setting up the AFRICOM sometime. Yet they talk about China supplying arms to dictators in Africa and they do precisely the same. Just look at the OXFAM report released in 2006 detailing that Africa has lost $300bn since 1990 to armed conflict. around $18bn per year due to wars, civil wars, and insurgencies. On average, armed conflict shrinks an African nation’s economy by 15%, and this is probably a conservative estimate. The evidence also suggests that at least 95% of Africa’s most commonly used conflict weapons come from outside the continent.A steady supply of ammunition is required to keep the conflict economy, but little military ammunition is manufactured in Africa.

All these powers are involved in arming these dictators but it is only China that gets the bashing. Not to be mistaken for saying China is clean, but I am afraid the bashing is just hiding the dirt on the other side.

The world bank and IMF forced Kenya to adopt the SAPS while all along they knew they were not working. The endless loans that we get from them is just pure modern slavery.
My take is that the West is now crying foul since they have been beaten at their own game-that of exclusively exploiting Africa's natural resources. And for this they have put up an aggressive information machine to depict China in bad light.
Africa should take a hard look on not what China is being accused of doing, but on all the players in the continent. We should adopt measures that spell out exactly how we are going to relate with all the major powers who are exploiting us. If we continue riding on what other people are saying then we are going to lose the bigger picture.
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taking responsibility
written by jaya wardene , July 15, 2008
That was a great post James Muritu. The thought of Global Chinese imperialism may have seemed like a joke a few decades ago but this is where we are today. The scramble for African resources continues to fuel conflict in Darfur and the DRC. These wars will not be ended whilst there are rich spoils to be had.

China has just joined a club that until recently was the preserve of US, British, Belgian and French companies. The Real politik games that the Chinese play today in Africa are no dirtier than what the 'Old Europe'Countries engaged in for all those decades. Where the Chinese have supplied a few trucks and planes to al-Bashir's regime, Russians and Americans poured millions of tonnes of equipment whilst British and French trained the armies and police forces propping up puppets and destabilising foes from the '60s to the early '90s.

Dwindling supplies and rising world populations have pushed the stakes higher. Students of Chinese foreign policy always fail to make this connection. In our Global population every fourth person is Chinese. China has had a long term strategy to ensure it's continued survival in a way that other countries are totally ignorant. China is not just content to dominate the world market with inexpensive "made in China" goods. Her desire to control supplies of raw materials is also not an end in itself.

China is the best example of how we will all belong to a global village in the future. To this end China is exporting people. Despite having the world's largest economy China is said to be the largest exporter of semi and unskilled labour in the world. Your comment about a Chinese man opening a kiosk in rural TZ is not far from the truth. Kenyans will be familiar with Chinese construction labourers working in sites across Nairobi.

So what can be done. The pictures coming from Darfur fill you with anger and sadness. The plight of 300,000 dead and 3 million displaced living in camps where men dare not go out in the day and women look for firewood under the constant threat of beatings and rape by the Janjaweed. Is this the curse of resources-rich Africans. The people of Darfur live right on top of some of the biggest oil-fields in the Sudan. African countries watch helplessly. It was the US that accused al-Bashir of genocide. The AU remains a toothless neutered pet-dog harbouring Gadaffi's dreams of a United States of Africa while our children die of hunger. African leaders....take responsibility blaming China for all our woes just doesn't wash.
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Of Sino imperialism
written by Mlevi , July 15, 2008
Perhaps China has invented the next generation of imperialism, the symbiotic type. A hybrid type of imperialism that leaves a little more on the table for African strongmen and their cronies. You also get some very visible symbols to placate the populace like roads and stadiums to ensure disgruntled masses that this is not imperialism as usual. Unlike the western version which just rapes and carts away everything; in the sino version, you at least get a kiss first.

What is the real issue here though, the fact that someone wants to come to your house and rob you or the fact that you not only welcome the thieves but you refuse to protect yourself?

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written by JamesMuritu , July 16, 2008
While the former imperialists fought us with guns, the new imperialist christened China, will fight us with "money", cheap labour and cheap imports. When they award interest free loans and grants, don't think it's a show of philanthropy. Recall this: whoever giveth, taketh away! The bottom line is that China needs to be checked before she ventures too far....
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Why China?
written by Kim G , July 16, 2008
All these fears about China are unwarranted. After all, what is China doing that the West hasn't done in Africa? Here's the checklist:

- Supporting dictators in exchange for minerals
- Bribing dictators
- Seeking preferential treatment for investors
- Supplying weapons
The West has been doing these and continues to do so.

As for Darfur, the situation there is not a simple good versus bad battle. Even the rebel forces there will tell you that Darfur is very complex. There are issues of governance, yes, just as much as there exist problems of population growth, the environment and climate change. Add to that the potent mix of centuries-old tribal rivalries.

Apart from that, the motives of the West in Sudan are also suspect. For much of the 20th century, the West has tried to pry Sudan from Turkish then later on, Arab influence. We should ask ourselves who is financing and arming the rebels in Darfur. They can't possibly get all those weapons for free.

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forget east or west....
written by jaya wardene , July 16, 2008
We are all agreed that China is serving Chines interests just as the west have served their own interests in Africa. It is about time African interests came first. That can only happen if we take our responsibilities seriously
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The red herring
written by mkosakabila , July 17, 2008
China is a rather complicated country and has often been described rather aptly as pursuing capitalism with a red hat on.

My sense is that we should be somewhat cautious of the west's critical attitude towards China, for who is the pot to call the kettle black? Just look at history, and worse, look at our policies, our practices, and our outcomes the last two decades. Africa has never been so badly off relative to the rest and China may not have had a hand in that, at least not on its own. There were other hands and/or boots at play.

I have just returned from China and was pretty amazed at how developed it is, more than I'd imagined, even though I'd been there just two years ago. So there is something going on there, the cost of which I'd hate to speculate. But by the look of things, just as they embrace capitalism, so will they, eventually, embrace some kind of political openness. They, most especially their youth, seem to want so desperately to engage with the west (esp the US) in more than economics. Hosting the olympics has exposed them to some of the minimum political standards demanded demanded by the west. Perhaps they take it seriously.

As an aside, I have a personal preference for India, which is where (if at all), I'd look for inspiration.

On to Libya. Libya is now chasing, quite relentessly, some kind of free market economy, opening its doors to foreign investment and privatizing state assets, while also seeking to invest outside of home. But they are doing this quite smartly, at least on the face of it. I just had some discussions with about 3 Libyans pursuing tertiary education in England. They anticipate a wide range of challenges that come with the withdrawal of a somewhat benevolent state/dictatorship and have started planning accordingly. The Libyan government is currently training at graduate level close to 2000 (in the UK) and 1000 (in the US) individuals in different areas, all on its own money. By 2020, I hear they may have completed training bout 40,000 individuals.

Sounds exaggerated,no? But I couldnt help admiring Libya's recognition that they will meet new challenges and can do that by at least developing some kind of human capacity. Still, I couldnt bring myself to ask these guys their likelihood of returning back home to Libya.
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