Kenya: To Hype, or Not To Hype PDF Print E-mail
Written by Arno Kopecky   
Tuesday, 22 January 2008

A Montreal professor arrived in Nairobi recently. He came here two weeks after the well-publicized chaos began, and it was interesting to hear him relate the impression outsiders have of Kenya as a country where burning buildings, mass riots, and dead bodies have become the norm.

Once you’re on the ground, he said, the picture that emerges is a calmer one, “where a number of local disasters are embedded in a matrix of peace.”

We were sitting in cushioned chairs on the balcony of a middle class pub, surrounded by chatty locals and sipping malt beer as we waited for a meal of curried tilapia to reach our table. There was nothing in our situation to suggest that Kenya was, as I described it in the title to one of my previous blog posts, “on the brink .” Nor was our bar in any way the exception that night — the truth is, placid scenes of domestic routine far outnumber the more compelling images of looters kicking tear gas canisters out of the way, or grandmothers wailing outside the church their families were burned in.

The numbers don’t add up, either. Less than a thousand dead? That’s still about six hundred too many, but to speak of holocausts or ethnic cleansing is an insult to the memory of places where such terms actually apply. Nobody wants to measure one nation’s tragedy against another, but it’s hard not to notice that far greater body counts than Kenya’s pile up in other countries all the time, yet most receive a fraction of the air time.

This hasn’t gone unnoticed by Kenyans, either. Almost to a man and woman, they decry the sensational treatment the foreign press has given their moment of crisis. I probably would, too — watch the latest riot on CNN and you’ll see just about as many European journalists in the frame as Kenyan protesters. Nairobi has become a media circus, full of well-financed bloodhounds tearing through the city in search of the latest lynching, the brightest fire, the biggest mob. When we catch up to them, the looters pose for our cameras and redouble their efforts. Who are the real hooligans? It seemed almost appropriate when riot police finally lost their patience on Wednesday and fired tear gas into a bloated crowd of reporters, who had gathered ahead of an expected showdown. We coughed and spluttered, expressed our outrage, and took some more great pictures.

And yet, not only were there almost as many locals as foreigners in that indignant group, but they all had pretty much the same thing to say. The truth is there isn’t much to separate their respective coverage of the confusion now reigning over Kenya. I recently saw the same image — of a ragged young man jumping on the roof of a smoldering car against a backdrop of burning slum shacks — in two Kenyan newspapers as well as the BBC’s website. I’m not sure where else it may have wound up, but at the very least that picture had been captured from three different angles by three different photographers.

One enormous difference that does emerge between local and foreign coverage is the way we deal with tribalism. Kenyan journalists are under strict orders never to say things like Kikuyu, or Luo, or even the word “tribe.” The furthest they may go is to say “ethnicity” or “community.” This is both understandable and deplorable. Understandable because an accurate report of, say, a Kalenjin mob gang-raping a Kikuyu girl is likely to incite some form of retribution. Deplorable because until these tribal hatreds are closely examined, the class struggles and corrupt leadership underlying them will never be exposed.

Meanwhile, we foreigners stand accused of perpetuating the stereotype of Africa as ooga-boogaland. We’re reporting (again) that this is a backward kind of place; from Kenya to Cameroon, the whole continent is full of fire-worshipers. They may put on suits, drive around in cars and even learn to love coffee, but secretly they can’t wait to get naked and start drinking the blood of their enemies.

So is it all just hype?

A lot of it, sure. And no doubt there’s a condescending spin to much of the coverage. But if the murderous displacement of a quarter million people by their neighbors didn’t make headlines — even though the other 33 million are fine — what then? It’s true that you can explore Nairobi’s markets, hunt lions in the Masaai Mara, and snorkel over the reefs of Mombasa, all without seeing so much as a tire fire. The fact remains that this country is mired in an incredibly tense political standoff; no one yet knows what will happen if this drama’s protagonists keep unraveling the threads that have so far bound 42 tribes into a single social fabric. I hope it all fades into a boring resolution; I hope that the legions of young men now aching for revenge don’t listen to the elders urging them to battle, and that the foreign press has no choice but to pack their bags and head back to the Middle East.

But just yesterday, tear gas floated up from the streets of downtown Nairobi and into the third-floor news rooms of Nation Media Group, east Africa’s biggest media house. I wouldn’t change the channel just yet.

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Arno Kopecky is a freelance journalist currently based in Nairobi where he writes for the Daily Nation. His work is also featured in the Walrus Blogs- Notes from Nairobi .

Arno Kopecky
About the author:
Arno Kopecky is a travel writer and journalist based in Nairobi, where he is an editor at Kwani? magazine.




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Social Fabric is not unravelli
written by Truth Be Told , January 23, 2008
From your writing in the Daily Nation I know that you are Canadian.

(Yes, he is, and he knows a lot more about Kenya, and has a much sharper view on Kenyan conditions, than most Kenyans, and than almost all Kenyan journalists. So what is your point? Ed.)

I just wanted to point the out that there has always been no true national (edited for meaning) cohesion in Kenya.
(...)
Kenya is burning when we are having drinks in Middle class pubs.

PS: Do you think that the elections have finally exposed the deep poverty in Kenya which most middle class people among them our leaders have not seen?
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Do not blame the International
written by Truth Be Told , January 23, 2008
I read, like and respect his writing. The point I am trying to make is that Kenya has deep seated ethnic divisions which we must admit exist. This admission should form the basis of National reconciliation and healing.

From my reading of his post I was of the opinion that he was arguing that the Kenya is not on the verge of collapse as portrayed by the Western Media.

However I wanted to state that Kenya is in a very precarious position and may be on the verge of collapse.ln our middle class 'virtual reality' to use a phrase I heard Mukhisa Kituyi use yesterday, we might not want to believe this but this is a distinct possibity. I believe at this moment in time we should be honest with ourselves and confront our problems.

Just because something is not reported by the Kenyan press for reason that it might ignite passions does not mean that it did happen.

Aren't you being too judgmental on Kenyan journalists. They also are sharp if not sharper. The only advantage is that Arno might have a clear view as he is an outsider looking in.

Just because the Western press did not show us the images of dead people on 9/11 does not mean it not happen.

It does not also mean that they are applying double standards. If they show it may be it will make them intervene if we are in danger to go the Rwanda Way. I believe in the media telling it as it is and maybe that will shock us back to our senses.
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written by dalani , January 24, 2008
i agree with the article; a BBC report of one protest had the journalist in the foreground rambling on about the chaos and violence while the crowd gathered all round are dancing and seeming to have a good time..messages of peace are grafittied on every wall...In western countries there is a word used to describe sensationalist journalist: 'ambulance chasers'
they chase ambulances like dogs hoping to send a few snapshots of blood and horror back home..

This practice has got to stop...African countries are as modernist has any other and maybe more cosmopolitan and multicultural than many..

If two Kenyans moved to Montreal and were neighbhors, they would not want to kill each other just because one is Luo and the other a Kikuyu.
Poverty is a big factor in the misunderstanding and Kenyans have more in common with each other than local journalist admit. (eg. the economy, the ecology and education).
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written by kboit , January 24, 2008
Bwana Nyaga,
Your comment on political irresponsibility as the root source of the violence makes sense, but I however believe that poverty plays a much more central role. I believe, in fact, that poverty is the central issue , and that the political irresponsibility is merely enabled by poverty. I ask you, for example, to look at behavior across the social-economic complex of not only our nation, but the world in general.

There is a perception that only the wealthy well-connected individuals (well-connected through business or tribe) will benefit from the government of the day. Now whether this is true or not, the problem is that the perception still exists which thus becomes the reason that I - the poor mwananchi - is in this desperate poverty-stricken situation today. This highlights the importance of transparency because ultimately, it is not the burden of the government to provide wealth but simply provide everyone with equal opportunity to attain wealth. Herein lies hope for the poor person - that I, an individual with no business connections AND as a member of a tiny insignificant tribe, can raise myself from my sorry condition to a state of self-sufficiency.
When I am self-sufficient, I have no reason to throw stones; I might not be pleased with whoever won/lost the election, but it is now not a life or death issue for me.
Any comments anyone?
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Siege and Deceit Politics of t
written by John Nyaga , January 24, 2008
Poverty alone would not explain the kind of anarchy and senseless killings of the last three weeks in Kenya. The poor have so much in common across ethnic groups, so much that they would not turn on each other with machetes. Instead they normally turn on each for help, empathy and solace.

Politicians by nature are egocentric and speak with their tongue in the cheek, as they seek the poor public who the call supporters, and for whom they purport to speak, fight and demand justice for. To perfect their act, they mobilize from within their ethnic group, and create an non existent threat, againts which the ethnic group must fearlessly defend itself behind his/her leadership. Politicians of deceit are diabolic liars. They lead their own people like sheep to the slaughter house by walking them from behind at a distance in safety. They often issue threats and ultimatums in the name of 'them' and 'us'.
The post election skirmishes in Kenya were premeditated and orchestrated by the politcians. Thugs in the process took advantage of the fluid environment, and looted beside burning and destroying property. The leaders issued lukewarm condemnation to the acts of violence by their supporters. They were however very vocal and apt in dramatizing for their international media how the police used excessive force against peaceful protests. They would not mention the ilegal road blocks errected and manned by their supporters, the harrassment of motorists and the looting these hooligans do to businesses on their way.

These throw stones and other projected misiles to the police. Tell me, which country's police will not defend itself if in such a danger. 80% of those shot by police were either looting, destroying property or stonning the police. Here in UK, or even in US, one dare not throw stones or lift a hand at a police officer. They will shoot you, and God knows where they aim. Why do we expect it to be different in Kenya?

I know there were a few unfortunate incidences that affected innocent people who were not in the riots. Children from schools and people on their way from work, may have found themselves victims of reckless police action and sometimes stray bullets. For those cases, the government should own up and say sorry to Kenyans. Given the circumstances, there is no reason to victimize the police officers involved, even though their actions are regrettable.
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yes tired
written by kenyan tired of politicking , January 24, 2008
This practice has got to stop...African countries are as modernist has any other and maybe more cosmopolitan and multicultural than many.. If two Kenyans moved to Montreal and were neighbhors, they would not want to kill each other just because one is Luo and the other a Kikuyu.Poverty is a big factor in the misunderstanding and Kenyans have more in common with each other than local journalist admit. (eg. the economy, the ecology and education).

This here does not explain why some of the most vile hate speech is found in forums and listservs frequented by so-called cosmopolitan and intellectual (sic) Kenyans.
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written by kboit , January 24, 2008
I am not trying to minimalize the issue of tribalism, for indeed we need to move out of this destructive mindset ... I pray for the day when an Omolo could run for MP in Central Province, having lived their happily for several years (and the same for others across Kenya).

But returning to the pertinence of poverty, I ask you to consider Somalia - where inciting people on the basis of clans has made it the only nation in the world without a government for the past 16 years (since 1992). I also ask you to consider the case of Northern Ireland who, now that they have stopped bombing each other on the basis of religion (Catholics vs Protestant) have now seen unemployment drop by over 400%. Even consider Palestine where suicide bombers are recruited from poor families.

We must consider the fact that those rioting and killing are not the middle-class and the upper-class but are, by an overwhelming majority, the lower-class and below-poverty-level people. Also consider that while people are angry ... there has not been any killing or even any violence in any of the affluent parts of Nairobi and other places (correct me if I am wrong) Again, I'm not saying that tribalism has no significance. I'm just trying to show that with violence and chaos, the common factor seems to be poverty which makes tribalism, racism, clanism and religious tension much more deadly.

Regarding your comment on economic growth - you are right that poverty can persist despite economic growth. I guess that's why I emphasize the need for the government to be transparent with checks in place that make it impossible ... or at least very difficult to unequally allocate resources. Kibaki has some great plans for the country .. I just wish there was a transparent guarantee of good fortune to all Kenyans but it seems that the current system of government can only guarantee the fortune of a segment of the Country and hope that the rest of the nation will try not to fall behind ... too much
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re: re:
written by Wuod Aketch , January 24, 2008

As for Kibakis plan they will go nowhere without addressing historical injustices.These stolen elections have just created another problem.The problem of the displaced and ethnic hatred. Just look the way ODM supporters will try to justify the killings in the rift valley while condemning the police brutality

In these very blogs there are people justifying the killing of innocent demonstrators(rioters or looters) but condemning the killing in the rift valley.



You are preaching in the desert i.e with only one lone Kenyan here to appreciate what you are saying.

I am already trembing with fear wondering what will happen if the talks driven by Annan fail.
Somebody told me from home that Kenya will be no more.
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written by Truth Be Told , January 24, 2008
I also ask you to consider the case of Northern Ireland who, now that they have stopped bombing each other on the basis of religion (Catholics vs Protestant) have now seen unemployment drop by over 400%
. ]

Very good point these guys did not just wake up and stop bombing each other on the basis of being told to be peaceful. There was an inclusive settlement.With the stolen elections Kenyans need a settlement.I believe it is called closure in the science of psychologists.
Further you and i will agree that this took many years, very many years.As for Kibaki's plan they will go nowhere without addressing historical injustices.These stolen elections have just created another problem.The problem of the displaced and ethnic hatred. Just look the way ODM supporters will try to justify the killings in the rift valley while condemning the police brutality.
In these very blogs there are people justifying the killing of innocent demonstrators(rioters or looters) but condemning the killing in the rift valley. Somebody (daily nation 23rd Jan) even argued that it is not sensible to taunt armed police.If taunting was a justification killing imagine the amount of killing that could have gone on when parliament was being sworn in. In a democracy the police must be prepared to endure taunts from demonstrators. There are very few condemning both.
Save Our Beloved Kenya
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written by a guest , January 24, 2008

I am already trembing with fear wondering what will happen if the talks driven by Annan fail.
Somebody told me from home that Kenya will be no more.


and i don't believe you. Kenya is ready to move ahead. I wish you were in town to see.A few belligerents may have to be dealt with i agree as much
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written by aeichener , January 24, 2008
A few belligerents may have to be dealt with i agree as much


Quickly, short and harshly, yes. By bullet or by hemp rope.

While the legitimate grievances of the people (who have every right to complain about the two-side rigged elections, and about the land injustices) must be openly and honestly addressed now.

Alexander
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written by Truth Be Told , January 24, 2008
I .
I guess that's why I emphasize the need for the government to be transparent with checks in place that make it impossible ... or at least very difficult to unequally allocate resources
.

If we cannot vote in a free transparent manner all talk about equitable allocation of resources in a fair manner is dead in the water.

If you can steal from the poor their vote then will you go ahead and allocate resources to them fairly

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By bullet or by hemp rope
written by Truth Be Told , January 24, 2008
[
Quickly, short and harshly, yes. By bullet or by hemp rope
.

I believe this is called Justice & peace starting with the people who facilitated the stealing of the votes

Point to ponder:

As result of stolen elections Kenya will finally become a majimbo state (Lets jump for Joy) and resources will flow down
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transparency
written by kboit , January 24, 2008
my comment on transparency extends to every aspect of governance - from the executive and judiciary and legistative to the ECK and local governments( D.O.s, Cheifs, etc).

Right now ... the judiciary and ECK are not sufficiently insulated from the executive.

I can understand the reasoning for having the powerful executive that we have today in Kenya - in the hands of a benevolent and brilliant reformer, this executive could fast track BOTH our economy AND quality of life in only 10 years. But unfortunately, this executive is also susceptible to the potential for great evil

This shows the importance of transparency not only for the governed but for the government (as protection against political witch-hunts)
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written by a guest , January 25, 2008
It was naive for someone to plan to steal elections. To rig it so crudely and then expect peace.

if kenya had agreed to this then in 2012 it would happen again


Who stole elections?
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written by dalani , January 27, 2008
yes something was amiss,,outside interference cannot be discounted and the problem is multi-dimensional: the election issue is a big sideshow distracting and channeling the energies of many.

read here what was said above so well and so true..

There is a perception that only the wealthy well-connected individuals (well-connected through business or tribe) will benefit from the government of the day. Now whether this is true or not, the problem is that the perception still exists which thus becomes the reason that I - the poor mwananchi - is in this desperate poverty-stricken situation today. This highlights the importance of transparency because ultimately, it is not the burden of the government to provide wealth but simply provide everyone with equal opportunity to attain wealth.


I agree with that: even a perception of unfairness can be destructive.
And remember even if the elections had been totally secure and 100% legitimate with no foul play from any parties, poverty would still be problem in Kenya.

SO the political solutions can only help a little bit.

Most of the real solutions for the rural poor is in access to education, a sound ecology, a growing economy, farmers having control over their seeds and providing goods to local markets.
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written by dalani , January 28, 2008
But l see the latest reports and hope that a negotiated settlement can happen...a coalition government is important to establish baseline of law and protection of all Kenyans from themselves.

Tribal differences are threatening to tear the country apart.. burning houses resolves nothing.

If there are grievances over land then the negotiating table is where these items can resolved. In the meantime police are justified in stopping rioters and looters cold in the tracks and preventing more deaths.
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re: Siege and Deceit Politics
written by Truth Be Told , February 08, 2008
The post election skirmishes in Kenya were premeditated and orchestrated by the politcians. Thugs in the process took advantage of the fluid environment, and looted beside burning and destroying property.

It was naive for someone to plan to steal elections. To rig it so crudely and then expect peace. If Kenya had agreed to this then in 2012 it would happen again. Every effort must be put to find out who stole the elections before we talk of peace
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written by Truth Be Told , February 08, 2008
We might be moving ahead to damnation.
Read about the ODM Kisumu rally not the edited / Censored reports.
In the international press guys were guys asking for guns. Raila tried to dissuade them but even he may be consumed by anger of the people over stolen elections. An eye makes for an eye makes every one blind
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DO NOT SHOOT THE MESSENGER
written by Truth Be Told , February 08, 2008
The problem is not with the media reporting.What is happening is happening and reporting or not reporting will not make the problem go away. I believe the international Media has a more honest view of what ever is happening. When someone is removed from a bus in say Huruma and killed it is not because of poverty it is because of his tribe. If a large portion of the populace cannot bear to live for another five years with a government which has marginalized them on their basis of their origins and take to the street to demonstrate or riot depending .They are on the street armed with crude weapons because it is a crisis of hope.

Let us not bury our heads .If Kenyans are killing each other we should admit it. Point to ponder:

The problem in Kenya is political .If it was economic Kibaki would have won these elections. The economy may grow by 10% but poverty will still be there because the underlying political problems have not been solved and the wealth will remain with the rich
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