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Minimum wages and the economic reality PDF Print E-mail
Written by Open Thread   
Tuesday, 06 May 2008

Kenya's newspapers and other media will never miss an opportunity to raise a moan, especially not against the Mwai Kibaki government. It was no surprise then to read their righteous laments against the Labour Day freeze out on wage increases.

Still, even as we criticise the careless band-wagoneering of Kenya's Jeremiahs, let's start by acknowledging two facts. Kenya's politicians, and others of the rent-seeking class - this includes those running NGOs, State Corporations, councillors, members of parliament and of course those who make up the bloated cabinet - earn truly obscene salaries.

Secondly, Kenyan wage earners, especially those in the formal sector in urban areas are greatly under-compensated for their efforts. Further, in view of the nearly 20% inflation now prevalent, their incomes are losing value faster than usual and subjecting even those lucky to be employed to life conditions that are truly below the poverty line.

However, it does not follow that raising the minimum wage would be particularly helpful for Kenya or her workers. It is a fact that the minimum wage standards currently in effect are not being enforced - up to 50 % of formally employed workers earn less than the already-declared minimum wage .  See page 20 of the pdf, which is page 5 of the document. This indicates that the set minimum wage is above what market forces point at.

But more than this, we are still recovering from the post-election violence. Some have tried to make out that the violence was not ethnic but a righteous revolt against the injustice of poverty. There is little evidence for that; what there is evidence for, is that Kenyan business suffered. The hotel industry, for example, came close to a total shut-down; agriculture was badly affected and the transport sector too. Overall, these blows have led to a drastic downward revision of growth forecasts for this year and not just for the national economy but for many firms up and down the country.

The election and the succeeding crisis have also landed us with a reality that weighs heavily on the Treasury. The massive Cabinet, the need for resettlement of displaced citizens, for compensation and for reconstruction will further burden a government whose coffers will already hold far less in revenues than was projected. This is not just for Central government either, local government authorities, particularly those in Western Kenya and the Rift Valley, will find themselves unable to run their affairs with anything close to the resources they were able to call upon last year.

Even worse, the  prognosis for the global economy is not encouraging. Increased fuel prices and increased raw material costs will continue to make industry expensive and reduce the ability of employers to take on more staff or increased wage costs.

With special regard to energy costs, and as has been written before on KenyaImagine , KenGen's reliance on the kindness of the climate puts us at a persistent disadvantage in the actuality of Climate Change.

 Kenyan electricity cost US 9.1¢, way in excess of what prevails in our industrial competitors Egypt (4¢) and South Africa (2.5¢). 2005 figures.

Our plan B, building even more diesel generators and especially private-owned ones puts us at a further disadvantage. Far more expensive and increasingly so (oil broke another record today), than hydro-electric power, this guarantees that Kenya's suitability for industrial investment will for a long time continue to be less competitive than what is on offer in the region. There are already, a number of firms that have either exited Kenya completely, reduced their investments here or that have one foot out of the door. Such investors will also be adding the increased risk of investing in Kenya to their costs of business.

As to the matter of longer term fiscal prudence. True, the state has already taken on an unmanageable burden with the size of the Cabinet. But that does not then mean that it should take all manner of costs undeterred. Far too great a portion of Kenya's revenues are wasted (yes, wasted) on recurrent expenditure and in particular financing countless bureaucratic positions while very little is allocated to crucial development enabling capital expenditure.  

To raise the minimum wage, and indeed even to persist with the lavish spending currently perceived as normal for higher ranking state employees and politicians in such circumstances as we find ourselves, would not just be irresponsible for its opportunity cost, it would do nothing for inflation and would actually have the same deleterious effect as printing money.  

The option wished for, a higher minimum wage is therefore unlikely to be beneficial at all to those who it would be targeted at. Departing employers, rising inflation and widespread job losses help no one but those employed in the lamentations sector. It must also be said that raising the minimum wage would probably interfere with the current policy of making credit available as cheaply as possible to workers.
 
These arguments are unlikely to carry much weight with the ODM or the media or civil society. All these groups did after all support and continue to support both the expensive horror of the Bomas Draft and the endless and truly expensive commissions of inquiry. We can however hope that the Treasury's austerity measures and the need for them will lead to cutbacks across the board and importantly too, to a conversation with the public on the difficulties ahead and the need to tighten the public belt.

In closing, it is always easy to suggest that the state at least, if not the private sector can afford these increments being the big daddy with the massive purse but three things must be said against this shameless demagoguery. Firstly, the Treasury has already conceded that it has collected far less money than it did last year. Also, borrowing leads to an impoverishment of the middle class and the already indigent. These groups do not buy government debt (and the state will borrow intensively this year), they pay it in a silent transfer of wealth from the majority (including such sums as are levied through VAT) to the already very wealthy. Finally, borrowing from overseas makes us pawns of those who do not have our best interests at heart, and is truly expensive - it is, in a sense, analogous to exporting money.

Wage policy, and voluntary measures to encourage above-inflation wage growth would work better for Kenyan industry and workers. Urban inflation would be much better treated through carrying on the silent already underway revolution in Kenyan agriculture.


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hmmmmm
written by Stephen Wanyama , May 06, 2008
Not sure, not sure but it must be said that the seduction of capital is the only chance we have of economic progress. The examples of the South East Asians, the Irish and the Baltics show that we must be good to global capital.

The inherent disincentives in Kenya are legion. Bad infrastructure, poor energy supply, etc.

P.S. Massive power cuts in South Africa too.

My solution as ever is that more people employ themselves, whether in the rural areas or in the cities. Take your future in your hands. Obviously a government that is borrowing hand over fist so the PM can have a million bodyguards is making credit too expensive for private investment.
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Point taken
written by pndiangui , May 07, 2008
On energy I think there are myriad of solutions that exist but we MUST COMPLETELY turn our eyes away from our paradigms on the sources of energy that is mainly driven by the legacy sources of energy we are now used to. I really think there is a big chance to introduce energy pro-consumerism in this country. I am disullisioned by millions being wasted in petroleum and Coal exploration by the energy ministry and National Oil Corporation of Kenya (NOCK).

The fact that we don't bear the burden of major legacy energy production and distribution infrastractures like the West, makes as fertile ground to experiment with alternative renewable energy which wil ultimately prove to be sustainable and cheaper in the long run. I havent seen any serious embarking by Kenya pipeline for example in re-thinking cooking gas for example by developing pipelines that run from zero-grazers in Kiambu to feed Biogas into the Nairobi city residents or other major Towns. Nor have I seen Kengen suggest a retail solar energy farming strategy, where Kengen or KPLC, can create an infrastrcture to enable re-selling of excess Solar Power from roof tops and encouragement of Energy producing cooperatives farms in Northern Kenya. Which may be can reveal the opportunities are not just in what is perceived to be arable Agricultural land but also the hotter NEP has its value-proposition for those who want to settle there. Now unless we start thinking radically different from what we have known some of these solutions to be, based on technologies that have worked in the West, we will find it very hard to close these gaps.
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A hopeless case?
written by aeichener , May 07, 2008
Not sure, not sure but it must be said that the seduction of capital is the only chance we have of economic progress.


Maybe you are right, but any foreigner would have to be stark mad to invest in Kenya. Because:

The inherent disincentives in Kenya are legion. Bad infrastructure, poor energy supply, etc.


And first and foremost mentality, the very same in the "public" sector as among "business"/wo/men. No business, we are Kenyan, that's the mantra.

I would direct any foreign investor to Rwanda, Burundi or Uganda instead.

A.
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...
written by WANYEKI , May 07, 2008
On wages ,i agree that is is pointless to keep on increasing the minimum wage when even what has already been gazetten is not being given.Again if you compare wages in india,china etc you will find that we are way too high, which in the end became counter productive, because it contributes inflation.

Ilike ndiangui's point because i have said it in many forums that we are not strategic when it comes to power and gas production.

francis
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cart before horse?
written by observer , May 07, 2008
Minimum wages increases are great for achieving political mileage when in reality Kenyan governments have never enforced the previous minimum wage edicts they sent out especially in the private and informal labor markets.

I think that this strategy has its limits, the governments must at least comply with its own edicts. Falling tax revenue and a bloated top heavy administration leave very little room for such shenanigans for this administration. Also the fact that the government has a disproportionate share of the overall formal labor force means that they are essentiality hurting themselves.

I have often wondered effective these edits are given that 75% of the Kenyan work force is in agriculture sector and are basically self employed. It has always struck me as one of those lesson that our leaders learnt in western/communist collages and they transferred wholesale to Kenya where our aspirations fall short of way our means. I think our energies should be better spent on more pressing issues that affect the labor market like corruption and an infective judicial system when it comes to addressing labor grievances.
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cart before horse?
written by observer , May 07, 2008
Minimum wages increases are great for achieving political mileage when in reality Kenyan governments have never enforced the previous minimum wage edicts they sent out especially in the private and informal labor markets.

I think that this strategy has its limits, the governments must at least comply with its own edicts. Falling tax revenue and a bloated top heavy administration leave very little room for such shenanigans for this administration. Also the fact that the government has a disproportionate share of the overall formal labor force means that they are essentiality hurting themselves.

I have often wondered effective these edits are given that 75% of the Kenyan work force is in agriculture sector and are basically self employed. It has always struck me as one of those lesson that our leaders learnt in western/communist collages and they transferred wholesale to Kenya where our aspirations fall short of way our means. I think our energies should be better spent on more pressing issues that affect the labor market like corruption and an infective judicial system when it comes to addressing labor grievances.
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cart before the horse??
written by observer , May 07, 2008
Minimum wages increases are great for achieving political mileage when in reality Kenyan governments have never enforced the previous minimum wage edicts they set out especially in the private and informal labor markets.

I think that this strategy has its limits, the government must at least comply with its own edicts. Falling tax revenue and a bloated top heavy administration leave very little room for such shenanigans for this administration. Also the fact that the government has a disproportionate share of the overall formal labor force means that they are essentiality hurting themselves.

I have often wondered effective these edicts are given that 75% of the Kenyan work force is in agriculture sector and are basically self-employed. It has always struck me as one of those lessons that our leaders learnt in western/communist collages and they transferred wholesale to Kenya where our aspirations fall short of way our means. I think our energies should be better spent on more pressing issues that affect the labor market like corruption and an infective judicial system when it comes to addressing labor grievances.
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playing to the gallery
written by Amir Ibrahim , May 07, 2008
We can be thankful tat the ODM lost the election. Interrogating the counterfactual, what-if, we would now be enjoying the full consequences of Raila's pledged pensions for HIV widows and rent-restrictions and worst of all, every poor Kenyan would be getting a generous 40/- a day from the State. Raila and Hillary Clinton, so much in common. Heard about her idiotic gas tax holiday?
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re: playing to the gallery
written by aeichener , May 07, 2008
Raila and Hillary Clinton, so much in common.

Aha?
So, just how many lives has Hillary's ambition cost so far?

Alexander
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re: playing to the gallery
written by Wuod Aketch , May 08, 2008
We can be thankful tat the ODM lost the election. Interrogating the counterfactual, what-if, we would now be enjoying the full consequences of Raila's pledged pensions for HIV widows and rent-restrictions and worst of all, every poor Kenyan would be getting a generous 40/- a day from the State. Raila and Hillary Clinton, so much in common. Heard about her idiotic gas tax holiday?


I think that Kenyans are already feeling better in many sectors with Raila only prime minister. Even other down trodden Africans can now have hope of a semblance of democracy in their countries. I encourage Raila to put Tinga pressure on Mugabe so that Zimbabweans taste the fruits of what democrats in Kenya have been fighting for and achieved partly i.e real democracy.
I learnt that some IDPs still prefer living in camps even after being transported to their homes.
The government should not encourage these camps to become permanent. The NGOs want these camps to continue - a way of justifying their action and financing, in this country that had never known human being assembled in disaster camps.
It is humane to lose hope but the IDPs should be helped so that they gather a bit of courage to restart rebuilding whatever was burnt down during the war.
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Horses, carts and ropes
written by Jayawardene , May 08, 2008
In a country with record unemployment and negative job-growth a minimum wage is like a rope without a horse.

It is jobs that we need or more accurately employment opportunities. No government looks after the poor anywhere in this world anymore.
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re: Horses, carts and ropes
written by WuAketch , May 08, 2008
No government looks after the poor anywhere in this world anymore.

That statement shows how much you are ignorant of what is going in France, Germany and elsewhere. Did your anywhere in this world mean the USA?
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horse before cart
written by observer , May 08, 2008
In a country with record unemployment and negative job-growth a minimum wage is like a rope without a horse.


True, I am always fascinated by how we talk about how we should share the spoils of government but never how to create the spoils. The thought of setting minimum wages rates for none existent jobs is very dark comedy.
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re: horse before cart
written by Wuod Aketch , May 08, 2008
In a country with record unemployment and negative job-growth a minimum wage is like a rope without a horse.


True, I am always fascinated by how we talk about how we should share the spoils of government but never how to create the spoils. The thought of setting minimum wages rates for none existent jobs is very dark comedy.


I am always appalled by the remarks of some shallow thinkers on this forum. What do you say of those flower, tea and coffee picking folks. Or those that cut sugar cane in the sugar belt, the rice planters and harvesters, the muhindi employed Kenyans ... to name but a few. How much do you pay your house maid?
Remember that the minimum wage will profit those that are already working - not for the none existent jobs which were false promises of Kibaki of 2002.
So you admit that Kibaki never did anything in his 5 year term except sleeping in state house?
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irritating irrelenvances
written by Jayawardene , May 09, 2008
With the exception of perhaps one irrelevant commentator living in his own parallel universe we are all agreed that many of our politicians simply pay lip service when promising this or that benefit. The minimum wage is one such political football.

Shouldn't COTU and other concerned entities be lobbying the government hard for increased funding for infrastructure that will attract investment. The government, with a little imagination, could also re-energise the jua-kali movement giving it purpose and direction. Micro-finance is another under-utilised weapon in our fight against grinding poverty.

In the meantime the high-minded self-appointed spokesperson for the flower-pickers and house-helps union continues spouting irrelevant dribble and nonsense....who ever heard of "partly achieved real democracy"

There is one in every market......
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think
written by observer , May 09, 2008
Given that unemployment hovers around 40% in Kenya and that 75% of the labor force contributes 23.8% of GDP and an inflation rate that reached 21.8% last month; enforcing minimum wage laws especially in the agricultural sector will only further push up inflation and result in greater unemployment.

The biggest labor issue in Kenya is not the minimum wage rate or its enforcement but the actual creation of the very jobs that these rates would be applied to.
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re: think
written by Wuod Aketch , May 10, 2008
Given that unemployment hovers around 40% in Kenya and that 75% of the labor force contributes 23.8% of GDP and an inflation rate that reached 21.8% last month; enforcing minimum wage laws especially in the agricultural sector will only further push up inflation and result in greater unemployment.

The biggest labor issue in Kenya is not the minimum wage rate or its enforcement but the actual creation of the very jobs that these rates would be applied to.


You talk as if Kenya was some planet somewhere near mars.
I will not imply that minimum wage is the biggest issue - but it is a very important one. This debate on whether to put in place a minimum wage and/or to increase it once in a while is as old as labor itself. As an employer I use some common sens and this helps make a decision on such issues. Firstly me think that a minimum wage assures social justice by reducing exploitation and warrants that workers can afford the so called basic necessities.
Now do you think that a man earning 7,578 shillings per month can lodge, educate and feed his family decently?, An unskilled agricultural employee earns 2,536 shillings per month, don't you think that a small effort by the employer can really be a big boost to this Kenyan's purchasing power? This is also good for the economy!
Wacheni this kaburu behavior that you people are forcing yourselves to inherit.
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think
written by observer , May 10, 2008
How can you have a minimum wage that is higher than both the median and average wage in a country? This is a country where most of the labor force is employed in the sector of economy with the twin evils of the highest unemployment rate and very low productivity rates.

Poverty is a bad thing and it threatens both our security and viability as a society. However, the minimum wage argument in Kenya is basically a cruel trick on the population. It is a great political tool which pretends to address human welfare while completely ignoring our biggest failure, which is our failure to create enough employers. Its like we are buying a car to use in village where there are no roads.
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minimum wage
written by Amir Ibrahim , May 12, 2008
From the East African Standard,
What most people failed to notice, is that minimum wage guidelines were not announced last year either. They were last issued in 2005. This is because, according to the Federation of Kenya Employers Chief Executive, Ms Jacqueline Mugo, the Government committed not to increase wages every Labour Day.

In a departure from the tradition, future minimum wage guidelines would now be based on productivity, the ability of the employer to pay and prevailing economic circumstances.
and then.......
In addition, minimum wage policy suffers inadequate enforcement and limited compliance. For example, before the civil service salary review of July 2004, majority of the civil service staff in Job Groups Aђ to Fђ were earning basic wages, which were below the statutory minimum for the year 2004. A number of government employees, especially those in the lower wage brackets have, for a long time, been paid less favourable rates, as compared to the legally stipulated minimum wages.

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Maximum Rage
written by Jayawardene , May 13, 2008
Thank you Amir for that useful quote. I was so silly to assume that 'minimum wage' implies Guaranteed...infact, The FKE boss corrects me; it depends on affordability.....like our food security is guaranteed by...the weather...

Perhaps we can now add minimum wage to a list that includes stuff such as inalienable (or) basic human rights, self-determination, utumishi kwa wote, the right to live, work and own property in any corner of Kenya, fighting corruption, free and fair elections, etc etc to the banned key words or phrases that our politicians use.

What chance for Rehema's children?
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