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Written by Onyango Oloo   
Saturday, 02 June 2007

Madaraka Day 2007 has been ushered in with blaring headlines about clandestine leaflets sprinkled in Nairobi, parts of Rift Valley, Central Province and other areas of Kenya. Leaflets denouncing Michuki. Leaflets calling for parallel celebrations at the history drenched Kamkunji grounds. Madaraka Day has also been welcomed by fresh outbreaks of violent conflict in the Mount Elgon area.

The brand new chairman of the Law Society of Kenya is calling for a state of emergency while giving a vigorous thumbs up to the draconian methods used by law enforcement officials to "deal" with Mungiki. Chief government propagandist Dr. Goebbels Mutua is confidently nattering about "wiping out" criminals. In the meantime human rights lawyers like James Orengo, Ng'ang'a Thiong'o, Wanyiri Kihoro and others are fighting ferociously to ensure that there are some curbs on arbitrary arrests of the Mwandawiro Mghangas and William Kabogos. Raila Odinga is leading calls for the arrest of John Michuki, Njenga Karume and other cabinet ministers alleged to be the kingpins of the dreaded Mungiki sect.

For those of us who called Kamiti Maximum our home in the 1980s, it seems like a throwback to the mid-eighties. Eerily, the crackdown on Mungiki under President Kibaki seems to be no different to the earlier crackdown on Mwakenya when President Kibaki was a key insider of the Moi dictatorship. It is simply scandalous for the Law Society of Kenya to be calling for a state of emergency when that body of legal beagles knows only too well that such an edict will legitimize everything from arbitrary arrests, police torture, extra-judicial executions, incommunicado detention and the general erosion of civil liberties across Kenya. Shame on the LSK for coming up with such an uncalled for fascist proposal. Has the LSK forgotten how many of its members- the Orengos, Gitobu Imanyaras, the Kihoros, the Nganga Thiongos, the Kamau Kurias, the Kiraitu Murungis have suffered when the Kenyan neo-colonial state unleashed its ire and venom against real or imagined enemies of the state? Does the LSK Chair associate himself with the valiant efforts of some of his professional colleagues who are rushing to court to defend civil liberties and in fact, the very rule of law that so many are so eager to suspend and undermine in Kenya at this very moment?

Yesterday I was speaking with a very close comrade of mine who happens to be also a former political prisoner, exile and veteran social justice campaigner. He happens to come from Central Province. He shared with me some horror stories of what is happening on a daily basis in many parts of Nairobi, Kiambu, Muranga, Thika and other parts of Central Province. The so called war on Mungiki has rapidly degenerated into a pogrom of young Kenyan males who happen to have names like Kamau, Njoroge, Mwangi, Kinuthia, Kariuki, Wanyoike and so on. In other words, there is a clampdown on young Kenyans whose only crime happens to be the fact that they are members of the Agikuyu.Dr. Mutua was boasting yesterday that the police have netted more than two thousand "Mungiki suspects". That is a gross understatement according to some of my friends from this neck of the woods. They tell me that thousands upon thousands of young people have been arrested, roughed up and are in the process of being dragged to kangaroo courts on trumped up charges.

I find it ludicrous to hear state prosecutors allege that my buddy Mwandawiro Mghanga is being sought in connection with murder and other serious charges linking him to Mungiki activities. Anyone who knows the Wundanyi MP even remotely KNOWS that these wild allegations are a smokescreen, a diversion from the real investigations that the Kenya government should be conducting.

For example, when will Njenga Karume be hauled to Vigilance House to be grilled about persistent reports that our Defence Minister once hosted Mungiki sect members at his palatial home during which he and other high ranking government officials from Central Kenya were oathed to be members of the controversial sect?

When will John Michuki clear his name from constant allegations that our Internal Security minister is one of the political godfathers of Mungiki? Who has forgotten Ndura Waruinge's not so idle boast that he was prepared to revert back to his notorious "tactics" of yesteryear? Is Chris Murungaru one of the other benefactors of Mungiki? How about Uhuru Kenyatta? Why this resurgence of Mungiki associated public carnage in yet another election year?

Having said that, let me reiterate what I said in the year 2002 about Mungiki:

You cannot hope to "crush" Mungiki using violent repressive tactics. What you end up doing in recycling the vicious ritual of bloody feuds, attack and counter attacks.

There is one thing I agree with both Njenga Karume and Koigi wa Wamwere about:

Someone has to sit down and negotiate with Mungiki if one hopes to stem the tide of bloody confrontations linked to the sect.

Last December I was invited by some Mathare youth to moderate a public panel/forum on the killings in that sprawling informal urban settlement-or network of settlements. The meeting took place on a Friday at the Professional Centre and the room we were using was chock full- of mothers and nephews, community leaders, disability rights activists, youth campaigners, civic aspirants and well known personalities like Ambassador Bethwell Kiplagat, feminist political activist Philo Ikonya and others. The television cameras, radio microphones and newspaper photographers and scribes were on hand to record everything. Given the charged nature of the topic and the way the media pointed the finger of blame at Mungiki, one expected a bashing session on the banned sect.

What ensued however was something very different. A sixty something Luo grandmother stood up and defended Mungiki, applauding members of the group for enforcing a Law and Order regime in Mathare. She meant that after years of being harassed by the corrupt askaris from Kasarani police station the youngsters from Mungiki worked hard to rid her neighbourhood of petty felons and operating public toilets and providing electricity services (never mind the fact that the Kenya Power and Lighting Company has not yet outsourced any of its services to Mungiki). She had no problem dishing out the protection money demanded by the group. A Luo youth said his only problem with Mungiki is that they did not recruit from outside the Agikuyu.

Now mark you, I hold no brief for the criminal activities like murder, robbery with violence, female genital mutilation, arson and a whole slew of illegal things that members of Mungiki have been accused of.

The fact of the matter is that Mungiki is in fact, a very powerful social movement in this country with all its retrograde elements. It has thousands of members and followers in Nairobi, all over Central Kenya and in pockets of the Rift Valley.

It is also uncontested that the leadership of Mungiki has used the above strength of the sect to approach mainstream politicians from Moi to members of Kibaki's cabinet in cutting essentially financial and commercial deals whereby Mungiki act as storm troopers in return for political favours- as in 2002 and 2006 where members of the movement marched down the streets of Nairobi chanting pro-government slogans.

It is in the public domain that Mungiki owns property in such swanky neighbourhoods as Karen and Kitengela. Obviously the rank and file of the movement is NOT calling the shots in these real estate deals.

If it is also true that Mungiki's membership extends to President Kibaki's cabinet and even security forces, then surely Mungiki is not some rag tag tribal ghetto outfit that can be stamped out by a few rungu wielding lukurus from the gicagi.

President Kibaki should immediately appoint Ambassador Bethwell Kiplagat to set up face to face meetings with the Mungiki leadership, which may or may not include John Michuki and Njenga Karume to seek proactive dialogue.

Those criminal acts perpetrated by people purported to be Mungiki should be dealt with using our existing laws.

In doing all this, due process must be followed. Tribal profiling of Agikuyu youth should cease forthwith. Those hordes of youth overflowing over at Industrial Area Remand Home and other prisons and police cells should be released immediately if they are innocent.

Some people are horrified at some of my suggestions, especially on the call for the Kenya government to sit down and talk with the leaders of Mungiki.

I do not see what the big deal is.

If Kibaki can reappoint one of the chief architects of Goldenberg back to his government; if Kombo can ignore a court ruling and push through his quisling to become Mombasa mayor; if Michuki can campaign for a pro-government Marsabit candidate using a GoK aircraft, then surely they can sit down and talk to members of Mungiki.

In ending, I want to make an URGENT call to all Kenyan human rights activists and social justice defenders to be more vigilant and speak out more at the spiraling cases of state thuggery and terror- whether it is colluding with the FBI and CIA to abduct Kenyan nationals and ship them off to Guantanamo Bay or harassing innocent Kenyan youth just because they happen to be working class or slum dwelling Agikuyu youth.

If we are not vigilant we will end up on the same side as the LSK when it calls for a state of emergency.

This article was originally published on the Jukwaa forum.


Onyango Oloo
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written by joe , June 02, 2007
talk with Mungiki - talk with whom about what - talking with with mungiki in my opinion is an issue of postponing inevitable outcomes. One the value sthat mungiki espouses by commission are not anyway compatible with the values of common decency,liberty and justice. negotiating with mungiki is negotiating with our values
and human rights.

now i take note with your associating mungiki w/ michuki and the kibaki regime . i dont particularly like michuki nor do i like the kibaki govt but i do not let that hate cloud me from the fact that there is a clear and present danger we are faced with.

in your article i see the revision of history even before its been written - we have been here before
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terrorists!
written by Doris Sadera , June 02, 2007
I completely agree with Joe - there must be no negotiating with terrorists. Those who have made the choice to air their grievances using terror and death deserve nothing but the same. What happens when the next group of whoever decides it needs to air its grievances? We must use all legal means available to stop these Mungiki thugs! Even if it means deploying the army to the slopes of Mt. Kenya. The primary role of government is to protect its citizenry – ensuring life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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Do we really understand?
written by pndiangui , June 02, 2007
I dont really think much is undesrtood about who 'mungiki' is leave alone their motivations. Infact the oppositionist (read certain ODM members) might have as much to do with the sect as the government own men. I however cant make out what the 'Mungiki' is . but I think it is above mere thuggerry with the kind of resources it has displayed to be at their disposal. Could somebody be paying them to distablize central Kenya or central Kenyans outside central Kenya? Who would gain politically in such a scenario?
These are just some of the speculations I am having.
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Gicagi njangiri
written by Rwathia , June 02, 2007
We cannot break bread with gicagi njangiri.This organisation should not be sanitised with claims of social development, security and peace. They are simply murderers, extortionists and demented individuals.

Draconian or not we need the police to crack down on these so called 'storm troopers' and their sponsors.

Human rights is all good and cosy when you are seated in your posh apartment. I would wonder how cosy it is to the families of the murdered victims of Mungiki terror.

Wipe out the vermin!!!!
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Manjeneti looming again?
written by aeichener , June 02, 2007
As I wrote in an online discussion board (Jukwaa):

"I am presently trying to re-set my computer clock.
The stupid thing insists that it be 2007, but from the newspapers and assessing the statements from all sides, it must definitely be summer 1952."

Alexander
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Who is or is not Mugiki
written by Richard , June 02, 2007
Dare I say, that the pendulum by my bedside alarm clock appears too to have shifted somehow violently back to that very strange year, 1952. The echoes and charade of a declaration of the emergency, and what followed there after set forth to what others have quipped about –NOT YET UHURU.

I guess we might now precipitate with foresight the rounding up of one and all Agikuyu from every corner of the Republic. Yet as in the dawn of 52 here is how Kenya was muscled out of the ordinary Kenyan and handed over to elite few whom without any empathy continued to loot with profanity with their good old friends of 52. The genie is still out there where it was discarded, now! Shall we wholesomely sing that good old song and criminalise the entire youthful young of the Agikuyu. Dare I say again, it worked perfectly then. Tried and Test.
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written by a guest , June 02, 2007
I agree, discussion is the way out. As Oloo has reported about that, it is true, in mid-90's Mungiki did bring some order in the slums...the days when their Headquaters was Mwiki Kasarani.

I recall that we had just bought aplot somewhere around Clay City. Upclose, they were young unemployed 'cheated out by the govt' kikuyu men. A couple of times, they'd escort me to my house when I got at theh bus stop late in the night, only for ashu. I occasionally got a free ride if short of fare.
They were boys I knew.

I dont know when it all went wrong and they turned to being murderers.

the govt needs to share out equally resources, or these is what happens when a section of the poor is ignored.

The priviledged young are those here dabbing Mungiki youth terrorists!Michuki and other politicians are using these young men for their selfish gain.

Someone once said: "You never push a man to a point where he has nothing to loose". I think that is where we have pushed the Mungiki Youth.
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Is this a the result of a majo
written by Dr. Rage , June 02, 2007
Very interesting and informative analysis bwana Oloo. I think the current Mungiki crisis is as a result of a major fallout within its ranks in the government and the shadowy Mungiki underground that does the dirty work. The killings are methodical, nothing stolen, victims carefully picked-- chiefs, police officers, random people who also happen to have crossed their path somehow etc.

There is a statement being made here and Michuki and Kibaki understand it all too well. Take a look at what Kibaki said as reported in the Standard. http://www.eastandard.net/hm_n...1143969412

My line of interest is this one:

"And even if you don’t hear we know you and we shall surely come for you," said President Kibaki, adding that the Government would not be intimidated.

What did the president mean here? Did he mean that he has all along known who these killers are and done nothing about it? And if he knows those killers are out there, why are they busy pissing everybody off by arresting thousands of youths? I knew this government is incompetent, but its levels of incompetence continue to shock me. Why can't Kibaki just resign and let somebody else deal with this mess?

I don't have a perfect solution to this problem yet, but I don't think it would be wise for the government to adopt a policy to "officially" talk to mungiki. Talking to Mungiki will legitimize the movement and its activities. It will also put the group on the same plane as a government a factor that can be used to attract more members. If we decide to negotiate with Mungiki, we might as well give the group air time on national TV, Radio and Newspapers to recruit. We should adopt the "No negotiating with terrorists" policy, but make it flexible for government officials to "unofficially" talk to them and prevent unneccessary bloodshed.
Regardless of the good Mungiki may have brought to the society by taking advantage of our poor leadership, we should not forget it's a group of murderers with some very retrogressive ideologies. (That is if what has been reported about the group is true)

Let's not forget the victims. Not just the ones in Central Province but also Nairobi, several places in the R. Valley, Mt. Elgon area etc. What can we do to help them?
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written by a guest , June 02, 2007
Ooye! Mt. Elgon is not Mungiki's works!
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mungiki go to hell
written by jayawardene , June 03, 2007
A useful piece by Mr Oloo but apparently there is no appetite for negotiating with murderers. You only set a ghastly precedence from which there is no turning back.

There are numerous legitimate causes that cry out, hence the chaos that we now find ourselves in and successive regimes have failed us misarably but this is not the time to talk to Mungiki or any other state sponsered terror network.

Needless to say I truly understand and feel Alex's view regarding 'emergency'.

Alex: We will all be needing new lexicography soon. As you know, it's the baby boomers in charge today. In Deutsch or in England 'the war' was the one significant factor that split life into two eras. "Pre-war and Post-war" are terms still widely used descrptively. As the audiences change, so to do their perspectives. Few, if any, KI readers will be able to relate to the horrors and real terrors of an age which you correctly point out is banging again at our gates. I think that is most unfortunate.
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written by Kamale , June 03, 2007
Is it so difficult for people to re-vist the activities of the mafia in the US and co-relate them with the Mungiki affair?

The moment the mafia started their murderous activities, the authorities clamped down hard on them and progressively finished off the organisations.

Today, the mungiki menace is not any different. Some people have refused to pay extortionist sums for protection, and the mungiki start killing off those reporting on them. The mungiki are a criminal problem and not a political problem - hence any measures taken must be those against a criminal.

That is why i fault Oloo's argument that the government should talk with mungiki.
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written by Alexander , June 03, 2007
Mungiki are not a police problem, as an unnamed police officer was quoted in the Standard, and reliably this time, I feel - they are a political problem.

The police could easily end the menace, but they are hindered.

Alexander
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written by emmo opoti , June 03, 2007
The parallel with the American Mafia would make sense if Mungiki were drawn from a minority like say our Arabs. The fact that Muguiki are drawn from the country's largest ethnic group and that they are impassioned by such societal realisties as economic deprivation and landlessness demands a political solution. Let's say that Mungiki number only a quater of the estimated 1.8 million, are we not unleashing mayhem by tackling them merely as a criminal outfit?

It is also not obvious that there are many Mungiki with some sections purely religious and others purely criminal? What elements does a crack down on Mungiki go after? Are we really prepared to let out trigger happy security apparatus on all the young men of central Kenya? And does anyone know that a new Mungiki will not simply crop up after this one? Afterall we are refusing to deal with the real reasons leading to the popularity of the group. I favour a dualistic approach with investigative policing addressing the criminal elements and a more nuanced political approach addressing its raison d'etre.
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Its an agikuyu problem
written by magothe , June 03, 2007
We in Central are guilty of many things including preaching water and drinking wine. Mungiki in its current form can't and won't succeed without the knowledge of ka mwingi (of many) in Central.
There is no political angle purely a criminal one-its illegal to take these types of oaths, to murder, rob violently and to extort money. And unemployment/landlessnees is not a Central problem alone
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Being and Doing
written by Advocatus Diabloli , June 04, 2007
This debate is generally bracketed into either a law and order problem or a
socio-economic issue whereas (I argue) it is essentially a will to
power over bodies (from female circumcision to life and death) and
their labour (extortion, etc) within a very narrow segment of Kenyan society
projected outwards toward a national platform. It is not who they are but what they do. That is, Mungiki in this context, is not so much a noun as verb.

Therefore the conflation of the Mungiki with the Kikuyu is highly problematic for all Kenyans but is a ready political weapon for all sides. Kibaki is caught between a rock and a hard place. Mungiki Kenyans think he has done too little for the Kikuyu, many more Kenyans
complain he has done too much for the Kikuyu. It is complicated but both are wrong.
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written by Kamale , June 05, 2007
some more suggested reading for all those that would like to peep into possible solutions to the mungiki problem.

The Tipping Point by Malcom Gladwell - and especially the power of context.
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volent upheaval
written by city dweller , June 05, 2007
slaying policemen and snatching their weaponry coupled with leaflets to wake up and seize power sounds to me like a coup gaining momentum!

"Now lets sit down and negotiate with them" thats an absolute fallacy,absurdity and sheer madness.
No negotiating with terrorists!otherwise all rapists,bank robbers,murderers(sounds like mungiki) should form an association,extort money (we are talking millions to fund a military outfit)then the government negotiates with them....my take clamp down on them, taking an oath to kill anyone including member of the police force is not only insurgency but treasonable offence
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written by mosaisi , June 05, 2007
Mungiki is just like any Mafia organization. Their only only goal is to make money for their fat cats. Should we cut deals with such cold killers?

The leaders of Mungiki are not crusading for Social Justice. Let us not give them status they don't deserve.

But I agree with Onyango that killing and illegal arrests are not the best tool to employ in this case. We know who the leaders are and we can trace the money that runs Mungiki. The solution is to go after the money and restore authority in areas where Mungiki is pretending to be a government.

As we chase down the Mungiki bosses and their godfathers, we must make sure that it is not done along political and tribal lines. We must be told what happened in the case where Mungiki was given Army Land Rovers. We must be told how Mungiki bosses get off the hook everytime they are arrested.



http://www.nationaudio.com/New...00317.html

http://www.nationaudio.com/New...00337.html

http://www.nationaudio.com/New...00341.html

http://www.nationaudio.com/New...ews96.html

http://www.nationaudio.com/New...00351.html
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written by joe , June 05, 2007
Okay, what OO is suggesting has already been done before - based on what im reading
moi sat down with mungiki, other politicians have sat down with mungiki - and from your article you have no kind words for them. mungiki is only after the own selfish and evil interests. - u know if they had +ve intentions when they sat with MOI they would have asked for something positive instead all they wanted was money and power. So yes we have been thru this path before and this is where we are now
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written by emmo opoti , June 06, 2007
I wonder by my truth where the Kenyan left is, if it exists at all. There is such a thing as the law, and the law must be king. Wrongful arrests and incompetent investigations should lead to acquittals, at least in civilised countries. Kenyans alas love to copy the American example, best captured in Ronald Dumbsfeld's ready fire aim formulation.

We need to step up the efforts to combat Mungiki, part of which involves better preparation by the police, the NSIS, the AG's office, the DPP and the Media. Nothing else will work no matter our fulminations.

Kamale,
I have made that point at ki, but too many people are hell bent on seeing this as an Us vs. Kikuyus issue. Both Michuki and Murungaru have in the past clearly come out viciously against Mungiki. There is no possible reason anywhere that would inspire the government to shoot itself in the foot and have Mungiki show off its incompetence in an election year. None at all. If Michuki controlled Mungiki then he would have leashed them as soon as they started their keleles.

I still believe there are different Mungikis, animated by different spirits and with different goals. Some will no doubt be yelping for a violent release from the shackles imposed by the old riika, but there are many others for whom it is merely a family and a source of income. Then there are others, criminal outifitters, who are in Mungiki to gather foot soldiers around themselves. Am I the only one who sees it as odd that every crime in Nairobi is now blamed on Mungiki?

Joe,
I agree they do not have positive intentions, but do you really think we can chapana with such a large group right in the middle of Nairobi? If we are agreed on the parallels between Mungiki and the MauMau, perhaps a reflection on the horrors of the time, the difficulty and the length of the fighting period, would convince us against a military confrontation. Add to that the fact that the government and Mungiki have the same political base and you see why there will never be the stomach to go toe to toe with them.

P.S for those calling for a state of emergency. Does this not mean there will be no elections at the end of the year? No gravy train for you know who?
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written by emmo opoti , June 06, 2007
Kamale, I am not exactly sure what you mean by that. Are you suggesting like I would that Mungiki is merely the most noxious emanation from our prevailing climate of lawlessness and endemic poverty?
Or are you suggesting that Mungiki would best be fought by removing the culture of crime completely? Either way it seems to me that nothing is possible without addressing the reason why Mungiki exists at all.
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class war?why attack the poor
written by emmo opoti , June 06, 2007
Even in class wars, or liberation wars, there are two struggles going on simultaenously. The first is waged against the oppressor and his supporters, and the second is waged against the 'neutral' public. The second is much easier and causes the rebel group's influence and image to be magnified much more than the murder of a single one from the oppressor class would. A single British DO killed, vs a village of Agikuyu massacred. It also makes it harder to beat the rebels as they terrify the 'neutrals' into compliance. The feeling of betrayal is exacerbated by the ntion, prevalent in the slums it seems, that Mungiki are defenders of the public interest. This is for me the whole fountain of their power. They are seen as the do-gooders. Cf. Iraqi insurgency, Al Qaeda- or whatever, MauMau, the US War of Independence, etc. Finally, the fact that many of the 'neutrals' will also be attacked by the oppressor works to boost the Robin Hood image of groups like Mungiki. I for one am not persuaded that the 21 people shot dead in Nairobi were all Mungiki.
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written by Kamale , June 07, 2007
Emmo,

The Mungiki of 1991 is different from the mungiki of 2007. They metamorphosed too many times to become an extortionist ring.

I am not even sure that we have one mungiki anymore, but the media has been glorifying one or two people as the leaders of the sect. There is so much we do not know about this sect and as you rightly say, we speculate too much and then blame every crime as mungiki!
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My name is Legion
written by Alexander , June 07, 2007
I would say that Kamale is entirely right. Thanks for pointing it out.

Alexander
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written by Ken , June 08, 2007
All Kenyan's need to understand that the only institution with a monopoly on violence is the government.
Mungiki has overstepped their bounds. In this day and age, if you have something worthwhile to say there are many more accessible channels to use than those they currently employ.
Those who claim that this is a gang of jobless dejected youth ought to think again. Enrolling in Mungiki doesn't make a member of the sect better of. Infact they have to contribute a 50cent a day to the sect hence enriching their fat cats.
I think though that Michuki and Ali ought to have started from the top by finishing off any known leaders and disorienting the sect members.
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written by NO NEGOTIATION, NO , June 15, 2007
PLEASE LEST NOT EVEN THINK ABOUT NEGOTIATION WITH MUNGIKI LEAVE ALONE DOING IT. IT WOULD BE A TRAGEDY. THAT MEANS WE WILL HAVE TO NEGOTIATE WITH ALL MANNER OF CRIMINALS EG RAPISTS, THIEVES ETC. IF THAT IS THE CASE, THAN LEST OPEN UP A NEGOTIATION CHANNEL WITH ALL THOSE IN PRISON. I WONDER WHAT THE GOVA WITH BE NOGOTIATING WITH THESE THUGS? LET JUST KEEP THEIR HEADS RINGNING
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Victor/Victims
written by Advocatus Diaboli , June 17, 2007
The stock historical narrative in Kenya has two closely related prongs that are ultimately in tension if not outright contradiction. Firstly, the Kikuyu (and closely linguistically related allied tribes) play the role of independence heroes who in about 1952 took on the might of the greatest empire the world has ever known with little more than machetes and homemade guns and by their valiant efforts got independence granted in 1963.


On the other hand, they were also the victims of harsh repression and vicious counterinsurgency violence for which they still bear scars both social and bodily. In fact, representatives of the victims affected have since sued the British government for these abuses.

Most importantly, with this privileged identity as both victors and victims they are deemed entitled to an enhanced social, political, and economic position from the rest of the tribes.

The sect constructs inner bonds by instituting an us/them dichotomy through rituals to sharply distinguish them from the broader society including such radically anti-social artifices as initiates drinking human blood while partaking of illegal oaths binding themselves internally and distinguishing them externally.


Seen through the prism of political struggle, control of bodies and their products, that is over people, spaces, and things then, is what is at stake.


This is essentially a will to power over bodies (from female circumcision to life and death) and their labour (extortion, etc) within a very narrow segment of Kenyan society projected outwards toward a national platform.


It is therefore not so much who they are but what they do. That is, Mungiki is not so much a noun referring to an objective group as such but a verb denoting a particular set of political practices.


Insight is gained by examining why female circumcision was a rallying point for both the Mau-Mau and Mungiki. This was a matter of deep division among the Kikuyu community and went right to the core of their self-identity. Mungiki openly promote Kikuyu supremacy over the territory of Kenya and the handing over of power to themselves as its younger generation.

The sets of practices instituted are more towards this end than an expression of atavistic African barbarousness. This in practical terms means that initiates view supremacy within the Kikuyu community is a springboard to national preponderance. It is therefore a ruthless but quite effective and sophisticated politics of violence.

We must however in no instance conflate Mungiki with the Agikuyu people.
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OF THIS MUNGIKI MENACE
written by Gachinga Warima , June 17, 2007
OPEN LETTER TO MR.MICHUKI:
I Completely disagree with Njenga Karume and Koigi Wamwere's that the government should negotiate with Mungiki.
Negotiating with this illiterate killers is validating them, and their terrorist organization. What we want is Mr.Michuki to stop making empty statements to the press, and instead actually WIPE-OUT mungiki. - Stop talking Mr.Michuki and start doing. Put fear into this killers, by going after them and making examples off the ones you catch.
Who is more powerful, the government or Mungiki, Mr.Michuki? THEN PROVE IT.
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Sign the Petition - Mungiki MU
written by Peter , June 25, 2007
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http://www.petitiononline.com/...ition.html

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Two pronged approach
written by Kim G , April 21, 2008
Mungiki is a social phenomenon and recognition of this is the first step towards dealing with it. Labelling it as an extortionist, criminal gang is entirely missing the point. For one, not everybody who collects money from matatus is a Mungiki. Everywhere in Kenya, from Coast to Nyanza to North Eastern will be found groups of people collecting levies from matatus. That doesn't make them Mungiki. Secondly, attributing every crime in Nairobi to Mungiki is also misinterpreting the situation. Even before Mungiki, we had crime.

There needs to be a two-pronged approach towards dealing with Mungiki: the social dimension which tackles issues of unemployment, disenfranchisement and poverty. Youths in the slums join Mungiki because it presents an avenue for making it in life. It provides identity as well as security. It also provides a reasonable income. Apart from that, Mungiki is much closer to the urban poor and the rural peasants than the government is. Its easier to talk to a Mungiki cell leader who is your next door neighbour than to walk 3km to the Chief's office.

The security dimension is the second pillar of dealing with Mungiki. By this, I do not condone the wholesale arrest of young people in Central and Nairobi. This actually feeds into Mungiki propaganda because Mungiki presents itself as an alternative, humane government. You see, to the poor, what we call the Kenya Govt is just as oppressive and brutal as Mungiki.
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re: Two pronged approach
written by aeichener , April 21, 2008
Mungiki (...) Labelling it as an extortionist, criminal gang is entirely missing the point.


It is not "missing the point", Kim. It is a licit sectoral approach and perspective, not at all wrong in and by itself, but a perspective insufficient to grasp the entire phenomenon.

Even before Mungiki, we had crime.


Of course. Same was true for the intimate interlink between Mau-Mau and Nairobi city crime (notably Eastlands, at the time).

Alexander
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Last Updated ( Wednesday, 06 June 2007 )
 
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