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Terrorism: Religious and Cultural Intolerance PDF Print E-mail
Written by Bosibori Ndemo   
Saturday, 10 February 2007

“All terrorists are Muslims, but not all Muslims are terrorists.”

For a couple of seconds my heart went limp cold, when an American lecturer, whom I had once held in profound respect, affirmatively introduced this slur in class, an undiscerning alienating and misleading line, possibly concocted by a myopic Western demagogue with little intent or capacity to reason. My father and some of my siblings are Muslim, I cannot express what shocked me more; his overt insensitiveness, or his pejorative assertions.

According to Wikipedia, the UN in 2004 defined terrorism as "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act."  This preceding definition belies a contentious subject, where states are driven by realistic propaganda and  sentiments, where the end justifies the means. Radical fundamentalist islamic groups who carry out terror attacks on innocent civilians, and have deviated from the mainstream orthodox islamic doctrine, are no different from some Christian fundamentalist groups, or from skinheads, Neo Nazi and Aryan groups, all of whom have been responsible for deaths and other gruesome attacks  of terrorism, in the name of God or of racial hatred.

Arguably in the spirit of fairness, as the international media rants and raves about "Islamic Terror" attacks, the same should be coded for "Christian Terror" attacks, instead of alienating and inciting racial and religious intolerance. Civil wars have their roots in the strive for resources, but are fought along tribal lines, and the same scene replicates itself on the international scene, where wars are fought and justified on religious lines. Any attacks, fighting or war that is carried out unconventionally where civilians have to pay the price, is not only intolerable, but a cowardly act of  coercion.

The international scene has in the recent times, after the bombing of two American Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the  9/11 terror bombings by Al-Qaeda, been a Babel of terror accusations, preceding events that bred a belligerence by America to flex its military muscles on Iraq.  What other suitable term exists than a malignant terrorist invasion, when the brutal attacks by the British wounded, enslaved and killed thousands of Africans in their own land, or the Apartheid tyranny in South Africa, or the unjustifiable bombing of a Sudanese pharmaceutical company in Sudan by US armed forces, or the attempted assassination of Muammar al-Gaddafi by America that left several people injured and dead. On the contrary, any attempt by a people to resist and liberate themselves from any forms of imperialism automatically labels them "terrorist."

A pertinent and crucial point in our history where the MauMau put up a fearful resistance to liberate the Kenyan people from the claws of colonialism, saw them branded terrorists, a misconception that has trickled down to this day, unbelievable? (Try being accidentally caught in a robbery  scene with dreadlocks! ). With increasing globalisation, where borders may soon be infinite, a reasonable point to start towards world peace is the fostering of  mutual respect in spite of cultural and religious differences.

What unsubjective benchmark exists that qualifies one state to label another as terrorist since states have egocentric interests that they jealously protect. Needless to say, religious and cultural intolerance is far from removed as some governments utilize the international media to proliferate their nationalistic propaganda .Nothing justifies the constant ostracization of innocent people by virtue of  dress or religion. What do you think ? 





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written by aeichener , February 11, 2007
Just one quip in between, before I (hopefully) write something more substantial. An old pre-9/11 saying with more than just a little bit of truth:

"What is the difference between a terrorist and a state?"
"Both use bombs, but the terrorist has no planes to carry them."

Alexander
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Regurgitation
written by Stale , February 11, 2007
No offence dear posters/authors/publishers.

I see a lack of creative thinking, neither do I see expansive minds.
76.8% (I have done the math) seems to be rotating around terrosrism, FGM, to name but a few. Are this the only issues in your societies?. The wording may be appealing, but overly there is nothing new here. I call it learning by rote.

Thanks
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Ruminando discismus...
written by aeichener , February 11, 2007
Thank you! It is such input and criticism that we as editors need. What fields do you think should be treated more? Culture? Art? Economy, and if so, in which way?

Alexander
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Tell us more!
written by abmo , February 11, 2007
Hey Stale, I could hardly appreciate your criticism even if I wanted or desired to. "Are this the only issues in your societies?" , you ask of "terrorism" amongst other things. Would you not say the same is certainly affecting your society? To you, is this not a topic you find so common everywhere that one may nowadays not switch on the 'news' without hearing something about it anywhere in the world?

Otherwise yes, you are more than welcome to offer us a few tips out of the expansive mind you may hold. Go on then, we are anxiously waiting.
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Stale
written by emmo opoti , February 11, 2007
While it is true, as Alex has said that we would appreciate criticism and that we recognise ourselves the need to diversify our topics, and to be all inclusive; it is also true that this is a free blog.

While the editorial team do write some articles themselves, they can hardly influence what topics people contribute on, or what topics our audience decides to give most hits.

Looking at the front-page I see that your criticism is completely unfounded. On the whole of the home page, this is the only topic that even relates to terrorism at all, and there is only a single topic that deals with FGM either.

Out of 16 articles, 6 are on Kenyan politics and the coming elections, with two specifically on the position of women in our politics. One is on Valentine's day, one on the Darfur catastrophe, another on the position of Dedan Kimathi and the MauMau in our national folklore, another on Nairobi's appalling security situation, another on Land Reform in Kenya, another on the allegations of a French conspiracy wrt the UNEP. In addition there's my article on morality in decision making vs. making decisions on the basis of community relations and finally Neesha's article on the Us vs. Them (clash of civilisations) dialectic.

Now, while I concede that we are building a more diverse front-page (we are only two months old), it would be good to have constructive criticism.

OK, now let's get back to discussing Bosibori's topic.
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written by aeichener , February 12, 2007
Some people may think that intolerance and prejudice are the breeding grounds of terrorism; but rather, it is the other way around. Terrorism fosters and breeds such attitudes: just see the fascismization of the Nation of Gilead (former known as USA).

Muslimin and muslimatun, in most parts of the world, are a pretty tolerant flock of people (subject to their own ethnic and cultural backgrounds of course, because an imaginary transcending umma does not take away these erstwhile daily influences and settings). However, secular Western rightwingers jointly with Western Christians fundamentalists have done and ever are doing their best to radicalize the muslim communities. Kenya itself is a good example. The rigid stance of the Kenyan government, and the constant public hate-propaganda of Kenyan Christian extremists, whose faked imitatio Christi would look much nicer on the wood of a cross than on a pulpit supported by money-bags, are slowly trying to push the muslim communities outside the consensual togetherness that so long has characterized the interreligious neighbourhood in Kenya. Already, the first imams and muslim organization secretaries here have begon to spout occasional gushes of intolerances similar to the Christian goons.

But it's not just hooligans with a crozier and a mitre who have set the pace. Fifty years past, race hatred and lynching mentality in the USA still often had an however flimsy pseudo-religious base amiong their members (as with the ancient Ku-Klux-Klan, so pointedly protestant); today however, skinheads, neo-Nazis and Aryan brotherhood criminals are united in their enmity towards all sorts of Christianity. And do the post-Mungiki in today's slum estates of Nairobi have any connection to the neo-autochthonous religious origins of this group, over a decade ago? I doubt it.
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Anything goes, Stale
written by John Ongeri , February 12, 2007
The thought police have woken up, we notice. What is allowed for discussion in the blogs? Stop talking about terrorism and fgm and introduce new topics.

If the honourable Stale had said .....we spend far to many Giga bytes discussing politics I would have agreed. But then the people say it is a free blog so live and let live...Only we...the people can introduce the topics. The editors are a bit like refereees in a Man-U or Arsenal match...hahahha.... It is said that travel broadens the mind but everywhere you find people who will disprove this.

ps I know that the good Mr Aeichener would look most kindly at a nice article on fashion or the cinema.......so new writers, please stand up.
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Ok. Alexander.
written by Honey , February 12, 2007
I see a bias in your post. Could you please balance the equation by reading Hirsi Ali's 'Infidel' and 'While Europe Slept'.

The drill in Mecca goes like this: 'For every mishap in your life, even trivial issues like cutting ur finger, a jew is to blame'.

Citations can be thrown around from both ends, but I see a big misunderstanding here.

Islam is not the jewel we are calling it here, and if it is a diamond, it is still in the rough!
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Honey
written by emmo opoti , February 12, 2007
Miss Honey,
Quoting Hirsi Ali on Islam is the badge of ignorance.

On Bosibori's piece. First off, I am not sure there has ever been proof that Al Qaeda conducted either the September 11 attacks nor the Nairobi attacks. If anyone has such evidence, I would like to see it, as I am sure would the FBI.

On the notion of terrorism being an Islamic construction, please read Neesha's piece titled Us vs. Them. It may take time to grasp but is very relevant nonetheless. I am with Bosibori and Neesha in recognising that there is a conscious attempt to villify Islam and the Arab world especially. In the United Kingdom the IRA waged a war of terror against the British for almost half a century. In that time they even managed to attack the very person of the British head of government.

In all that time there never was the slightest notion that these actions had anything to do with religion ( even though the IRA were devout Christians, and that their conflict with the Unionists was waged on secterian lines). Further, there was never any sustanined effort in the USA to villify the IRA's funders, who managed to prolong the conflict and who were well known and open about their activities.

As Alex has shown in his post of 08:29 there's an action and reaction series here. This is why for example religion played a very minor if any role in the Islamic World in the 1940s and 1950s and up to the 1980s. The agitation of Islam and the growth of political Islam ( as can be seen in the previously secular PLO and PKK for example) is a modern phenomenon.

I always try to explain this with the Kenyan example. Under the tyranny of Moi, the Church became one of the last refuges for the mwananchi. Starved of political voice, he sought the backing of the clergy, remember Henry Okullu, Kipsang' Muge and even the likes of Mutava Musyimi, Fr. Kaiser, etc. In the days of fascism in South America, liberation theology in the Catholic Church grew out of that oppression and gave hope and sustenance to countless peoples. There is nothing at all unique about Muslims turning to religion in their time of need.
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written by emmo opoti , February 12, 2007
Alexander Eichener,
I still wonder that anyone at all can take Hirsi Ali seriously. Really?!!! Infact comment on Hirsi Ali probably belongs in that other thread, the one on making bogus asylum claims in order to stay in the West, and saying and doing everything in your power to make a new life for yourself in the West.

I believe you know the story and need no repeating of it here. But for the benefit of everyone else. Among other fatuous claims, the formerly Sunni Magan - claims that she wore the hijab when in school in Nairobi as a protest at secular Sunni Iraq's invasion of Shia Iran!! In a Sunni school too!! This is real fiction.

In fact all her work, every last bit of it shows that she is just as ignorant about Islam, as any non-practitioner. She should have been spending her time reforming Somali society, instead of maligning Islam.
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re: Ok. Alexander.
written by aeichener , February 13, 2007
I see a bias in your post. Could you please balance the equation by reading Hirsi Ali's 'Infidel' and 'While Europe Slept'.


You are probably right when you call me to a light bias. Not so much in perception, but rather in my presentation here. When I wrote in a parenthesis: "(subject to their own ethnic and cultural backgrounds of course, because an imaginary transcending umma does not take away these erstwhile daily influences and settings)", this is certainly a mild way to veil criticism; Hirsi Ali speaks out a lot more forcefully.

Islam is not the jewel we are calling it here, and if it is a diamond, it is still in the rough!


It is probably indispensable to distinguish clearly between Islam as a religious system (a dogmatic body of theology and law), between muslimin and muslimatun in their everyday religious behaviour and actions, and between societies and cultural uses and abuses (including gender prejudices and patriarchy) in such regions where Islam happens to be a dominant religion.

Alexander
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written by a guest , February 13, 2007
And why wont you take Hirsi seriously? Because she is a woman or is not a scholar?
She has credibility though, for she has lived the faith, and questioned it. Thats good for me.
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written by a guest , February 13, 2007
I must confess I have today for the first time read something I'd agree with. The Reaction/Action analogy makes sense.

Anyhow emmo, I dont know which Hirsi you know about or have read about, but the author of 'Caged Virgins' and 'The infidel' does not claim to have draped herself in a hidjab in protest.

Factually said, ignorance was the top reason she had it on. Hirsi Magan guides us through a 'normal' Islam family, keen on reciting ancestral clans and blind loyality to clans.

Honestly, heads of illiteracy and ignorance show thru the tales. Before am baked, allow me to say that xtianity has its share of ignorance too.
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written by emmo opoti , February 13, 2007
I don't take Hirsi Ali/Magan seriously because she is ignorant. Her attacks should properly be on the customs of her people, or the people of Yemen and not on Islam.

That she does not recognise the difference is emblematic of either her ignorance, or her wilful subservience to a power that desires the demonisation of Islam. No surprise she ended up with the neo-cons at the American Enterprise Institute.

I abhor all aggression and violence, both the kind that forces Ms. Hirsi Ali into hiding and police protection, and the kind that informs her using her position of privilege to provoke anger by calling Islam a 'backward' religion. I am sure there have been no Islamic women in Holland or anywhere who have been saved by Ms Ali's comments. All she has done is earn the approbation of those already despising Islam. Like yourself no doubt.

Lilith, Alex? Haha.

P.S, I am not sure I follow what you mean when you say Christianity has its share of ignorance. It cannot as a faith suffer that, rather its adherents, like the Nigerian Primate Akinola or those goons who went destroying Churches claiming there were Satanic symbols there, betray this ignorance and a deep-seated bigotry.

More representative of their cultures than of their faiths.
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written by Honey , February 13, 2007
The Quran is largely written in Arabic, and a good majority simply recite the verses without debate. The book needs to be translated so it can undergo proper scrutiny!

The said violence, the quotes of violence mentioned by Osama and his henchmen are all in the Holy Quran. 'Kill the jews and all their supporters'.

Akinola has a right to promote the beleifs of his religion, after all he is charged with doing just that! You as the intended brethren have a choice, take it or leave. He does not go around enslaving and whipping people into it.
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written by Amir Ibrahim , February 13, 2007
And the parts not written in Arabic are written in what language? Pokot? Have you never heard of translations of the Q'uran? Ever scrutinised your Bible for starters, perhaps a line or two of Akinola's will drop down from it.

You are as ignorant as you are hateful.
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Amir Abraham
written by Honey , February 13, 2007
I apologise Mr. Amir for offending you, or your religion for that matter. Lakini I know I can read and understand. If some quotes from the hadith dont make sense, we should question, and seek to understand.
While fear helps control man, an excessive fear detroys him.

I welcome a healthy discussion of the bible that you feel encourages violence, or acrimony, then we can address them. That is what I expect the Quran to be subjected to.

Please, explain some of this quotes from the Quran!
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written by anthony , May 11, 2007
i feel that you are meerly stating facts that can refered to as an opinion, so i ask what do you think??
please use your words and opinions instead of history that some don't yet know of
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written by Bosibori , May 11, 2007
To anthony .
History was/is pertinent Doesn't the past determine the present ? i think i have already used a subjective as well as an objective approach to bring out cultural and racial intolerance .and about 'history that no one knows about 'I think all my examples can be validated ...am not sure what you meant ?
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on the right side of the pond.
written by sammy b.............praying fo , May 23, 2007
You all need to just move to america and covert already.................how can a nation so young become so powerful? just dumb luck? hello...............the end is coming.........If christains are in the wrong wrong, India would have been the world leader..............and we'd all bow and face meca 5 times a day........wake up, and accept chirst already........
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The Lies of Hirsi Ali ( or was
written by SAS , February 29, 2008
Hello everyone,
I would like to let you have an opportunity to explore the lies, fabrications and concoctions of Ayaan Hirsi Ali ( actually Ayaan Hirsi Magaan ) to make you realize what you may not know about her credibility ( or lack thereof )
Try these links -
Link One
Link Two
Link Three
Link four
Please note the following points -
1 ) Ayaan lied about her name and her age.
2 ) She lied about arriving from Somalia, not Kenya. If she had told the truth she would not have been given asylum.
3) She lied about her childhood, claiming to have experienced 5 civil wars when in fact she was brought up in middle class comfort in Nairobi.
4 ) She claimed she was not physically present at her marriage, something her family, including at least one female relative refuted.
5 ) She claimed she was escaping a forced marriage, when in fact she had met with her husband, had never been coerced into marrying by her husband, or by her father, and had given her consent to the marriage.
6 ) She falsely accused her family members of wanting to murder her for supposedly dishonoring the family by walking out of an arranged marriage, at a time when she was in contact with her family, and had met her supposedly threatening family members on repeated occasions.
Ayaan additionally has a record of making inflammatory and hateful attacks against Islam and Muslims as well as close personal and political links with extreme right wing Dutch xenophobes. Theo Van Gogh, who had a record of anti Semitic, anti Muslim and sexist incitement, was a close friend as well as a whole slew of anti immigrant politicians. She is on record for opposing equal rights for immigrants and tried to oppose freedom of worship in the Netherlands for Muslims.
I guess the truth eventually emerges.......
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