Women, merit and public office in Kenya. PDF Print E-mail
Written by Angela Wairimu   
Wednesday, 14 March 2007

Some time in the past few weeks, President Kibaki appointed Prof Ndung'u as Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya replacing Jacinta Mwatela who had been serving in an acting role.

I have watched silently as this controversial decision was analysed, based either on a pro, anti-government dichotomy or louder still seen as part of an insidious plot hatched to gather the Agikuyu community and cronies of the President to all the powerful positions of government.

I have a wholly different take on the matter, one I feel particularly compelled to speak out on as a woman. Now, it is expected more and more every day that the educated African woman be an iconoclast, loudly crashing through the barriers that her paternalistic society places in her way, and causing trouble even where there should not be any. Such a woman is seen as an agitator against a peaceful and coherent society and an importer of dangerous foreign values.

So successful has been the counter-feminism movement that many women, myself included have come to take feminism' as a sort of taboo, and to have very negative views of any avowed feminists.  The passing over of Ms. Mwatela was however, even to the most timid of us women, even to the most ardent supporters of the government ,like I think I am ,a slap in the face.

To contextualise, here is a link to a table with country rankings for women in parliamentary positions. You will forgive me for not spoiling your fun by telling you where Kenya is on the list. I can only say you would be better off starting at the bottom of the list. What I will tell you however is that our neighbours, those countries we are looking to get federated with soon are many many positions ahead of us. The list is headed by one of them, in Rwanda and the worst performer, Kenya excepted, is Uganda in 18th position.

We obviously do not have party lists in Kenya, our MPs suffering instead through a nomination process that makes it difficult to ‘impose' any quota, regardless of their basis. I am also not an advocate of affirmative action, or any such ventures that would create a notion that female leaders are undeserving of high office, having got there purely by engineering the system and not on merit.  This in a society like ours, where male MPs have shown themselves not above ribaldry even in the national chambers, would render female MPs second class representatives with even less authority than they enjoy today.

Ms. Mwatela's rejection- which is plainly what it is, all protestations aside- is an especially painful blow because she was not just qualified but eminently so. Various correspondents have skirted around this issue citing Presidential discretion, or the fact that the Governor needs to be an economist, or that Prof. Ndung'u himself is eminently qualified. All these are mere strawmen, erected simply for the ease with which they can be blown away.  Ms. Mwatela's distinguished career at the Central Bank, and the way she conducted herself as acting Governor showed without a doubt that she was suited for the job. Her courage, leadership and integrity especially when faced with the sort of struggles that plagued our financial systems in the 1990s, deserved recognition from the State in allowing her to achieve her career's ambition.

State House had an opportunity here to make a grand statement, that when a Kenyan woman deserves some office or position, it will not be denied to her. It matters little how many nominated MPs the parties put on their lists, or how many ministers or assistant ministers are appointed to high office of someone else's choosing if at the same time the very government is unwilling to grant on merit accession to organisational primacy. For far too long, Kenyan women have been given; have had to accept the decisions of their fathers and male superiors, farmed off to ministries where the stereotype of the nurturing mother (Health or Education) or entertaining hostess ( Culture and Social Services) can be enhanced. All we ask now is that the glass ceiling, especially low in the financial sector is not reinforced when after a career of toil and sacrifice, a woman makes it to the top.


Angela Wairimu
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written by aeichener , March 14, 2007
I plainly agree with Dave's statement on the value of affirmative action. I am not exactly enthusiastic about it, but I see it as necessary.

Alexander
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written by emmo opoti , March 14, 2007
The key thing about the Mwatela case is the fact that she had already been acting in that position, so unless she was found wanting, it is hard to see any justification for removing her.

Having said that, what your table shows is perhaps that Kenyan society is just not ready for women in positions of leadership. After all, we really have the same culture by and large with our neighbours, why is the Tanzanian Finance Minister a woman, the Habitat boss a Tanzanian woman, the UN Deputy Sec General a Tanzanian woman,the African Parliament head a Tanzanian woman.

Uganda having had a female VP saw fit to make at one of its two Arusha judges a woman, and 4 out of nine of its East Africa MPs women.

See Gado's International Women's Day cartoon.
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Affimative action
written by Dave Nyambati , March 14, 2007
The president has a constitutional right to put some of his cronies and loyal supporters in lofty positions as reward for loyalty and support...at his discretion. But he also has a duty to put well qualified, diverse people in position of service that would best benefit Kenya, both economically and socially, for the sake of a stable, prosperous Kenya. Kibaki promised certain things to get elected to office and he must be held to task on his word.

Funny I was discussing how the word "feminist" has taken on a negative connotation just the other day.

On affirmative action, some have argued it to be unmerited appointments that create a sense of victimization that may further enflame discriminatory practices. It is however one of the few cases in which the end truly justifies the means – when you increase representation of a disenfranchised group that faces severe discrimination, you change the way the discriminators approach the group in the future. In the early 80s, it was common to hear men saying things like women are too emotionally unstable to be able to hack it in the modern work environment, or that blacks were not intelligent enough to be CEOs(in the US). But as people representative of these groups got in these positions, the prejudice was quickly swept away. I think affirmative action has a place in our yet evolving society, at least for now. I’m not advocating taking a street hawker and making her Chair of the board just because she is a woman, but where the field offers a man and woman of similar qualification, the woman should get preference.

With that said, the only way to achieve a truly equitable society is to make women economically independent.
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written by Amir Ibrahim , March 14, 2007
Well for starters,Kenyan women may want to support each other. I have not heard any protestations from them in defense of Mwatela.

On political positions, yes the executive and the legislature can offer some guidance and support, but ultimately it is upto the women themselves to create grassroots orgainsations that can win them elections.

Young men who attend rallies and take up campaign budgets are fickle and often undecided voters. Cultivating a grassroots organisation that knows you, and which is assured of your empathy is a sure way to lock down the hearts of many women in the constituency, especially as women are already leading the most powerful grassroots organisations ( merrygorounds, church groups, etc). Such working women are taking resources and influence to their families, and if won over with determined innovative leadership will surely vote for women, lists or no lists.
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written by Purity , March 14, 2007
21 years ago, Nairobi hosted the the UN conference for women for the first time on African soil. You'd think that with such an early start at women's issues we would be far ahead of our neighbours.

Last year in October, I was in a conference in Nairobi to commemorate and take stock of the women's achievement since the conference in 1985.President Kibaki was the guest of Honour and he gave women a 30% affirmative action on all government appointments

As Prof.Ndung'u was being appointed, I thought perhaps I didnt know Mwatela's other name coz I was so sure it was going to be her!

The fact that the civil society or the Gender Commission did not protest this appointment or at least point out the discrimination is buffling.

This means that we still fight the same losing battles for how long is my worry.
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written by Stephen Wanyama , March 14, 2007
Simple rule, when you are faced with a choice of a marginalised community and a non-marginalised one for a political appointment, if all other factors are equal, pick the marginalised one.

It always helps national cohesion. Alternatively, like Ahab or Kibaki, face the wall and pretend it did not happen/ does not matter, etc.

Is there any doubt that this of all things was better conducted under the Moi government?
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Campaign for tokenism!!!
written by Kamale , March 14, 2007
I hold certain views that affirmative action to a great extent does not help those it is intended to help but invariably ends up as tokenism. People get appointed not because they are qualified, but because they belong to a class of people requiring affirmative action.

Take the case of Mwatela. With extreme respect to her, the only outstanding thing she ever did at Central Bank was blow the whistle on Goldenberg. From a professional point of view, she did not contribute anything. Her promotion to Deputy governor was perhaps more for her administrative capabilities as opposed to professional ability to run the CBK in accordance with its mandate. In any case, historically the deputy governor when not covering for an incompetent boss - e.g. Riungu and Kotut - has always been the administrative man at the bank. My point is that Mwatela has not supervised monetary policy in her entire career at the bank, hence would not have been qualified to take up the job.

What Angela would have wanted is that Mwatela be appointed for the simple reason she was a woman all other things being left aside!! For certain posts, I am convinced that one should decline an appointment if the appointment is made only because one is a woman.

There are many self made women in Kenya that never required affirmative action to get where they are today. It was sheer guts and hard work that places them where they are today. I could name a few including Njeri Rionge of Wananchi Online or even Esther Passaris who are where they are not because they are women, but because they went out to compete with MEN!!

Angela put up a case of how badly Kenya is doing with elected women leaders. The question I always ask is why women even with their population mass prefer to elect Men and not Women. I think part of the problem is that our present crop of women leaders are sadly too elitist as to relate with the problems affecting other common women. We have very many NGO's intended to fight for women's rights but if you look deep into these organisations, they are only vehicles for personal wealth for the few women that lead the NGOs.

Women can and should be in a position to lead in this country if they worked harder than they do. I beleive there are women out there that do not require affirmative action, but are deluded to believe that without it they cannot go anywhere. Recently I needed to recruit a replacement for one of my staff that relocated abroad. I had 5 people shortlisted and this included one lady. They were all very good and the only decider was a prometric test run abroad that they all had to take. This test was the final phase of the recruitment process. The only lady in the group beat the other 4 men and she now happily works for me. This in my mind means that we do not need affirmative action or tokenism to women to progress them. Hard work can take women places...as my colleague correctly showed.
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written by Marangu , March 14, 2007
A very well written piece Angela, first off I think any society whether developed or developing has to address the issue of equity in it's many forms. There is a case for affirming women in Kenya, but anyone who has followed the current debate will know affirmative action is not at issue. We are talking about a Career Banker who rose to the top and despite many scandals in the organisation was never found wanting vs another well educated another well educated Kenyan with a nice title but no relevant experience.
Some in this forum believe because Mrs Mwatela has no experience in supervising monetary policy, then she cannot possibly make the grade... what a lame excuse, can we then here the experience the lucky appointee has in relation to CBK?
On this one Kibaki stuffed up big time.
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rabble rouser
written by kamau , March 14, 2007
I find the notion that having women in government and parliament alone will improve the legislative and government execution process laughable. It assumes that women are exempt for the culture of corruption and tribalism that their male counterparts are. They are women first before they are tribe x and belong to class y.

At large is a bigger issue of the embrace of equality not just from a gender perspective but and ethnic and economic one. The countries that are performing better than Kenya in gender performance have embraced this notion better than we have which has translated to and equal playing filed allowing for the laws and opportunities that have resulted in more women in the public space.

Will Kenyan women vote for some first because their gender of their ethnic and class afflation first?
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Good insight!
written by Job , March 14, 2007
Wasn't that wonderful insight from Angela! From the title "Women, merit and public office in Kenya" you may notice certain parallels.

Jacinta may have failed the selection criteria not solely based on account of her gender,....she just didn't fit the bill in many other ways in perceived assumptions.

If certain perceptions based on consistent trends were held true, then previously held speculations and assumptions about the current Presidency concerning merit and public office may be very well much grounded.

If you are probably a golf club wielding,....... beer guzzling,.... choma-loving,.... pot-bellied, Muthaiga resident,...and probably also a recent winner of a no-bid government contract,....... then you are probably a member of a certain elite club worthy consideration for public office.

This club that cuts business involiving both private and public sector investments is presumed in certain media circles as wont to conducting business in a local vernacular dialect. Ability to communicate through this same medium is thus another criteria for membership.

But oops, wait a minute, Angela is indeed right,...they are all exclusively male. You must have been a boy to hang out in their quiet late-night boys club.

Emmo,
That was precisely on the mark.
Couldn't have been put any better!

Monetary Policy is not minted by one person heading the CBK. It is thus not about whether Jacinta or Ndungu is able to solely adjust Monetary Policy from time to time. It is indeed
crafted by a team of experts sitting on the CBK board -ours are secret , the
current Finace Minister is reluctant to gazzete and make their names public (when I say board I don't mean management)

A good governor by all accounts is one who is independent of political manipulation from above. One who will not just print campaign money and cause unprecedented inflation at the behest of State House.

I think Jacinta Mwatela was such an independent person, gender and tribe aside!

Again, I don't think she swung a golf club at Muthaiga before resigning for choma and beer to cut deals with the "boys" in a local dialect. (This is purely on a light note, no pun intended for golf and beer lovers)
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Amir and Kamale
written by emmo opoti , March 14, 2007
Do I read rightly when I see sentiments in your posts that indicate Kenyan women are not working hard enough?

Kamale,
Thank you for the interesting anecdote, and your ideas on leadership at the Central Bank likely another of the strawmen that Wairimu rails against. In any case, the pop was the sound of the shot to your foot.

If as you say Ms. Mwatela is not qualified by herself to do monetary policy then either it is unnecessary for the Governor to do this exclusively (the Governor does not after all dictate but is simply primus inter pares with the board) or then it was a decision of colossal incompetence on the President's part to have her in an acting capacity at all.

Like Peter Ndiangui said in a different article on the same subject last week, it is leadership ability and not qualifications that matters when considering the candidates for such a job. Unless Mwatela is a dunce ( which I am sure no one is suggesting) she must have picked up more than a working knowledge during her 28 years at the bank.

I don't think anyone is asking for a token appointment, Wairimu's last paragraph makes that very clear but the passing over a qualified woman is reason enough for a man of conscience to be distressed.

Perhaps the question to ask is this, how would Kenya have suffered in having Ms. Mwatela as CBK Governor?

I will quote for you from perhaps the foremost Kenyan writer on matters of Finance and Economics, one Jaindi Kisero.

Mr Micah Cheserem was not an academic. But he is by far the most effective governor the country has ever had.......

In three years, Mr Cheserem managed to restore sanity in the financial system. He did not have to apply complex econometric models to achieve this. He simply refused to play second fiddle to politicians by making sure that CBK was independent of the Executive and the Legislature.


That is what the CBK governor needs, courage and fortitude, there is a mass of experts employed to advise the CBK board, so many in fact that a number are loaned to the Treasury.

What I fear is that money is ruling Kenya more and more everyday. Foolish IPOs, the shuffles at the CBK, the RVR contract, the no-bids on the Fujaira cable, the +10-fold expansion in the airport spending with no tenders, and still Kenyans think they live in a democracy or that Kibaki is a President worth supporting!
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written by Newafroguy , March 15, 2007
emmo,

Thou speaketh with great wisdom
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written by editor , March 15, 2007
Quotations (even long ones) are okay, Job. Entire mere renderings of foreign printed articles are breaches of copyright, and thus yours has been deleted.

Editor
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written by affirmative action , March 16, 2007
i am against affirmative action in principle especially in the area of legislative representation. i am for one person one vote - teh may be other ways to deal with this inequality but not by fidling with the democratic process.

Now this mwatela issue is taking on alife of its own - it may surprise many that ms Mwatela huasband was a close confidant of kibaki in the DP days so definitely these 2 have a long history together.

also what i this business in kenya of people becoming heroes merely for doing there job - i say in reference to cheserem and mwatela and kisieros quote
somewhere above!

i generally think that supporters of affirmative action in most cases belive that for example women are inherently inferior and only thru affirmative action can they advance.

Speaking of which if we had affirmative action in kenya most of the beneficiaries will be the spouses and children of the elite.
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re: Affirmative Action
written by aeichener , March 16, 2007
i am against affirmative action in principle especially in the area of legislative representation.


Kenya's female MPs are indeed EXECRABLY bad. Some deserve the gallows. But that does not mean that their number ought not to be augmented.

also what is this business in kenya of people becoming heroes merely for doing their job -


*Laugh* You have a good point here. In post-uhuru times, doing one's job diligently and altruistically indeed increasingly tends to make one a hero. Our great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers would just shake their heads.

i generally think that supporters of affirmative action in most cases believe that for example women are inherently inferior and only thru affirmative action can they advance.


I beg to disagree. Supporters of affirmative action (which is always only a pro tempore measure) in most cases believe that women are disadvantaged by societal structures (in shorthand: patriarchy) and that afformative action is a valid - thogh by far not the only - means to break such fetters and shackles.

Speaking of which if we had affirmative action in kenya most of the beneficiaries will be the spouses and children of the elite.


Not untrue. They have been before. Kenya is still strongly a class society, alas.

Alexander
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worse than Moi
written by Tim Norwood , March 16, 2007
This writer in today's Nation proposes that Kibaki is in this sense truly worse than Moi ever was.

During Moi's time, the CGS was for a very long time Somali, people like Magari held senior positions at the Treasury, people like Kibaki, Nyachae, Musalia were in charge of Finance, G.G Kariuki was in charge of defence, now it's all cronies and golfing buddies.

Has anyone considered just how immensely powerful Michuki is? Here is his responsibilities.

. Defence
. Provincial Administration.
. Kenya Police
. Administration police.
. Government Press.
. Boundaries
. Registration of births and deaths.
. Registration of persons.
. National agency for the Compaign Against Drug Abuse (NACADA)


Between him and Muthaura the government is sewn up, all the power and authority is done.
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affirmative action
written by Dan Kihote , March 18, 2007
I have just stopped by to defend the premise of affirmative action from the fast and loose way in which a a few here have dismissed it so far.

If we define affirmative action as a positive and temporary measure designed to address a glaring imbalance/inequality and create a level playing field surely that has to be a good thing and one to be proud of. Only whingers and right-wing reactionaries feel threatened by such measures and resort to shouting: tokenism or that other hideous term, political correctness. The days of the dinosaur are long gone.....
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