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Two glasses, same volume PDF Print E-mail
Written by Juliet Maruru   
Monday, 18 February 2008

I listened with dismay as my boyfriend complained about his employer's recent ethnocentric favouritism. I felt bad for him and was deeply saddened by what he was going through, by what we were going through. My sympathy soon turned into growing irritation as the man I was planning to spend the rest of my life with, launched into his own oration of the reasons the other ethnicity was lesser than his own. I would like to tell myself that this is just an effect of the recent events in our country, but I know better.

I assume a pose that I hope will alert my man to my displeasure with his tribal rant. He doesn't notice. I turn to leave the room, but mid-step I pause, as a thought seemingly irrelevant to the situation crosses my mind: pre-operational irreversibility. I hover for a moment lost and a little confused at my own thought processes, and Alan looks up at me from his position kneeling, where he had been looking under his bed trying to find a pair of socks that I am sure will turn up dirty and frustrate him even more. I can't help him, so I walk away and end up in the middle of the hallway, once again staring into space trying to make sense of that one flash of thought.

I am a kindergarten teacher so a large part of my course work towards my diploma was meant to prepare me to understand development stages in children. My studies have now been fortified by a few months working with 2-6 year old children. Among the things I have learnt is that human beings develop in cognitive processes at varying but generally similar rates. A four year old may or may not understand that two glasses of different shapes may hold the same volume of liquid. However by the time the same child is 8, he should be able to understand this abstract concept and not sulk when his friend gets some juice in a glass of a different shape than the one he gets his juice in. The difficulty he has when he is four is referred to as pre-operational irreversibility.

So I struggle to understand why my mind would bring this concept up while my man is busy recounting the ills the world metes on him. It comes to me just before Alan exclaims with relief when he finally finds a clean pair of socks, in the dirty clothes basket.

Human beings tend to find negative prejudice against them abhorrent, but will likely not even notice when they are displaying negative prejudice against someone else. Humans will justify their actions or way of thinking by presenting the prejudice they feel in an 'acceptable' form. It is acceptable, when they can say that they have known people from a certain group who fit the stereotype attributed to that group and also acceptable when they can find another reason to discriminate against someone, other than the fact that that person belongs to a certain group, even if that reason doesn't quite fit the frame.

Alan is angry because his boss has been exerting a lot of pressure on him, and not recognizing his efforts. Alan is convinced that this is because his boss belongs to the 'other' ethnicity. He says he has noticed that the boss quite openly favours another team member who just happens to belong to the boss' ethnicity. He even overheard the boss refer to Alan's ethnicity as a 'band of pretentious slackers'. Vaguely, I remember Alan saying of my ethnicity, (yes, we are sprung from different ethnic backgrounds), as a 'band of thieving, conniving, materialistic, individualistic something'. He was quick to turn to me and say, "Not you babe. I think you are ok."

Well, I will not completely disregard my man's fears. It has been a very difficult time for him lately. And it is possible, even likely that his boss is prejudiced. But could it also be that the boss is being influenced by something other than ethnicity. I want to ask Alan, could it be that your boss is under pressure too? It has been a pretty bad start to the first quarter. Most companies are under pressure to devise plans that will make up for the initial loss or lack of profit.

Or could it be, love forbid, that Alan himself has been so influenced by his own tribal prejudice that he has been performing at less than par? The favoured team member from the other ethnicity could, in all truth, be performing better and earning credit on merit.

I can't say that. Because even I know that whether it is admitted openly or not, workplaces and most communities in Kenya do function, nice and easy on the outside, but with a lot of bigotry further in. Alan may indeed be a sufferer of the negative and very painful side of this. He may have displayed his own bigotry at some other point in time. That doesn't matter now. What matters is that I am going to go back to him and tell him that I care about him and support him. He has after all chosen to be with me even though I come from the 'other' ethnicity'.

Still, we have to make a decision about how we are going to go forward as a community, as a nation, as Kenyans. Truth, Justice and Reconciliation programs will help to bring out all the murky mess that has been festering inside us all for long. Perhaps we might learn to forgive each other and live with each other with a measure of civility and tolerance. But we can never forget.

So we need to find some way to live with together without destroying each other. Worse would be if we decided to create/maintain economic systems that deliberately limit some community groups. These systems now influence workplaces, supported by nepotistic, ethnocentric favouritism. This systems influence all sectors right up to the top. Then they wreak their influence all the way down to the village level.

So then, now what? I would think about setting up systems of education that promote integration and tolerance. I would think about setting up legislative systems that offer freedom and opportunity to all Kenyans in a naked and transparent manner that serves to shame both the prejudiced and the false witness. I would promote that citizens are taught about the workings of their country, their rights and responsibilities and the legal and political processes that underpin them. And if someone heard me, I would hope that we would all allow these to help us to look at each other with understanding and hope rather than hate and anger.

In the meantime, we can only work to restrain ourselves, to pause and think before we launch into or take on board stereotypical prejudice against someone else, and ask ourselves, ‘Just how would we feel were we offered the same poison in a different glass?'


Juliet Maruru
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written by Stephen Wanyama , February 18, 2008
A four year old may or may not understand that two glasses of different shapes may hold the same volume of liquid. However by the time the same child is 8, he should be able to understand this abstract concept and not sulk when his friend gets some juice in a glass of a different shape than the one he gets his juice in. The difficulty he has when he is four is referred to as pre-operational irreversibility.


How very relevant to the Kenyan situation! Except the fact that we have been here before, we know all about those other glasses, the Rift Valley had the glass in its hand just five years ago!
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catch them young, it seems
written by jayawardene , February 18, 2008
We all have heroes and heroines, you know, those special people whom we look up to everyday. The useful members of society who all play pivotal roles in the well-being of entire communities. Some people admire the hard working doctors and nurses, for others it is the security services working in very trying conditions. Perhaps your inspiration comes from a religious leader. My superstars have always been the wonderful teachers who take hundreds of illiterate four and five your olds, teach them to read and write and introduce them to the magical world of education. They are my miracle workers.

I think that this is where we will need to begin our journey....
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ethnics and tribes
written by john ongeri , February 18, 2008
The above piece is well-written but the author risks losing the audience.

If the boss is a tribalist, please don't be afraid to say so. Do not talk about 'other ethnicity' when you mean tribe. Let us say what we mean and mean what we say.

Until we the peoples of Kenya move out of the narrow tribal identities that the majority of us find comfort in we must not refer to tribalism in those comfortable terms such as 'ethnicities' or 'communities'. We have danced around the issues and buried our heads in the sand for far too long and that is why we find ourselves in this 'tribal' crisis today.
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Can the editor come in here an
written by jmaruru , February 19, 2008
I believe my original article was not very politically correct. I dared use 'tribe', although I was rather terrified of mentioning specifically which tribe.The editor felt otherwise and used ethnicity. John, you did pick up the cues right?
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Tribal Crisis?
written by Andrew , February 19, 2008
This is not a tribal crisis I believe, it''s a political crisis that has been tribalised. Kikuyus dont bleed more red than Luos, or any other ethnic group. This has been proven again and again by all the mindless hooligans going around the Nation butchering one another.

It may sem a play on words, but the political class has managed to use tribe as a mass movement and as a vote getter. The silly people are you and me and all the fellows who refuse to see through this charade and vote to a man repeatedly for their tribes politician. Hillary has attempted to use sex in the same way in the USA whilst Obama studiously avoids using race in the same way.

Tribe is not bad, tribe as a conduit of culture, sense of identity and who we are is important. Using it to set one against another is a reflection of the state of mind of the people who allow this to happen. In a sense they deserve what they allow into their lives much the same way a woman who insists o remaining with a violent selfish husband has chosen to deserve that. It is a choice each 'tribe' makes and should then be allowed to lie on it's bed. It should not however mes it's bed and attempt to mess the country at the same time. The country, THIS COUNTRY is bigger than any tribe, and the earlier we all realize it, the better we shall be. No one tribe shall hold the whole to ransom because of it's own choices and decisions, be they from western, central, coast, nyanza or north-eastern.

The Nation is sacred, ever thriving and outlasting any challenge to it's existence or destiny. We shall overcome
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