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Legalise Abortion in Kenya PDF Print E-mail
Written by Atieno Ochieng'   
Sunday, 01 July 2007

Abortion is illegal in Kenya. The Kenyan penal code criminalizes it, promising stiff punishment to those who practice it.

This effectively means that any woman or girl lucky enough to survive a backstreet (which they usually are) abortion ordeal, and who is subsequently found out by the authorities, risks getting hauled off to court where society will condemn her further for breach of what many legal intellectuals increasingly view as a moral wrong (an offence in the same league as say adultery or premarital sex, for those countries with secular legal regimes, which nevertheless still punish these).

The only exception to this harsh rule in Kenya are cases where it can be proved medically that the woman’s life is at risk, or in cases of incest (but these latter exceptions are also being chipped at with the church’s relentless and sometimes blind onslaught against women’s bodies).

The reasons for abortion in Kenya are varied, but by and large, girls and young women in unstable relationships are the worst affected. Finding themselves literally left holding the baby by fathers who promptly flee as soon as they hear the big announcement (a time honoured Kenyan tradition, that is legally facilitated by our very own Children’s Act – Kenyan fathers are basically not bound by law to provide for their children sired outside of marriage), they are thus faced with the profound decision of whether or not to terminate their unplanned and likely unmanageable pregnancy.

Life it is said is good, and new life even better, but what is this life that burdens only poor disempowered women with its sustenance? Is this a reasonable demand on Kenyan women?

Many poor women walk down the abortion route, not because they are mindless creatures bent on destroying their young, but because they know they have a bleak future and an even bleaker future to offer any offspring, particularly without the crucial support of the fathers - our reality is that men, not women, wield real economic power in the country. Women work twice as hard, but they always reap half the benefits.

It is not cowardly for a woman to go against her strong maternal instinct, as the church loves to preach. It might not demonstrate strength either, however, pain and anguish become part of the woman's life. The emotional aspect of abortion has escaped the (mostly male) ‘pro-lifists’ of the cloth and the state. It is time it was factored in. We must have humane debates on human issues.

Sex education is a taboo subject in this country of over thirty million; religious bodies and churches were at the forefront of the fight against the sex education project that the government had planned to launch in public schools in the late nineties to early this decade. The argument made by these conservatives was that sex education is a matter for the mother and her daughter, for the father and his son. The reality is that many parents are just too busy, too shy or too unbothered about imparting sexual knowledge on their children. The children, more so when in their teens, run off to learn about sex the only other true way they see, experiments (with what they watch on graphic modern television freshly imprinted in their minds).

In some churches, like the Catholic Church, even simple decisive things like contraception, which would preempt the need for abortion, are taboo. This stance is plainly irresponsible, and in its wake comes the ugliness of not just unwanted pregnancies but also sexually transmitted infections and with these a large and prevetable cost to the national purse.

In the fallout it is these unfortunate youngsters, failed by their church, school, parents, state, and other players, that society as a whole turns to punish in our courts. Worse, only girls and young women are punished over these ‘crimes’, never mind that several times they do not have the economic clout to meet the backstreet procedures. The men almost always provide the money, but the abortion debt and the label of ‘murderer’ is apportioned 100 percent to the traumatized girl who must, in addition to the emotional and physical scars of the abortions, deal with the societal censure of (usually) premarital sexual liaisons. Some churches readily excommunicate such persons, giving scant attention to the Christian core teachings on love or forgiveness.

With such a scenario as is playing out in Kenya, the woman or girl has only two options

1. if undergoing the procedure (in the unhygienic conditions that these are done), be not found out;
2. die during the procedure, death would be merciful in the circumstances, and many young women do lose their lives this way in the labs of backstreet quacks who use all manner of gadgets such as coat hangers, scissors, expired malarial tablets, clothes bleaching liquids among other things, whilst politicians, activists, lawyers, doctors, preachers of hell and damnation continue to talk shop, adopt positions and craft strategy papers. Even the government itself has shown only scant concern over the loss of life in this way.

Which brings us to face the elephant in the room. Why make such a fuss over the unborn if the living do not matter?

The church continues to preach the gospel of illegalized abortion and will not be drawn into any rational talk, even by moderates who only call for decriminalization for the procedure (as opposed to fully legalizing it). Society acquiesces and the state sits on the fence. The church would sooner condemn its young flock (who modern society has failed) to hopelessness, prison and death rather than shower the very love of Christ that is supposedly dedicated to for the wretched.

The police arrest weak traumatized girls and bring them back to the station for more trauma and charges, the prosecutors articulate the state’s oppressive position against the helpless abandoned ostracized women, and magistrates sitting in their courts see it fit to conduct such cases and sentence such already suffering persons to decrepit prisons where they will get minimal medical care, little counseling and the real risk of further sexual abuse and repeated unwanted pregnancies. Thus is the cycle continued, but none of the players is even remotely interested in asking whose interests at all would are served with such "crimes" still remaining in our books and being sanctioned, nor concerned with the plight of the girls who suffer the horrors of the consequences of this antipathy.

And so, the young girls and women lose their lives, their dreams, their promise, and carry the burdens of a society that has turned logic on its head and for what?! So that we are not seen as ‘loose’ and ‘westernized’? This is just too heavy a price to pay for a simple image!

The abortion issue in Kenya is a very basic one. It's about the right to live a dignified healthy life.

Everyone has a hand in the moral culpability of continuing abortion in Kenyan society. We must stop sacrificing young voiceless lambs to assuage our moral guilt. If those going on anti-abortion crusades on streets would spend even half their energies on removing the causes of abortion, the problem would probably cease to exist.

The woman’s womb should not be a field for the political games of powerful men. We women (I speak as a woman, a lawyer, a Roman Catholic and a patriotic Kenyan) carry the wombs, and we have the right to demand that the politics about them cease! We are dying. We are dying and people must stop talking and start doing!

Perhaps it's time people started talking about the 'hidden’ causes and effects of these abortions we so hate. To cure a disease, you don’t treat the symptoms, and the church, the most vocal opponent of abortion, must start offering real alternatives.

Abortion will not go away if all we do is preach and legislate against it. We cannot pass silly laws, act indecisively and run away from the issues (linked to abortion) that affect women and expect miracles in return. We must stop failing girls and women in our society, and we must vacate the moral high ground and get down to work.

Giving real alternatives, not just preaching on streets, pulpits and parliaments, is moral courage itself  and the best weapon against the abortion we so profess to loathe!


Atieno Ochieng'
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written by Marangu , July 02, 2007
The best piece I have ever seen written on abortion as a social issue or medical dilemma, how I wish this would appear in the local print.
It will be interesting to see what response you will get from KI readers, but many thanks for raising what is an issue that is long overdue for public debate. In my mind, legalising abortion would have multiple benefits for the whole society, in the past, the detractors have tended to think this is a feminist agenda, and it wont surprise me if some in their number start ranting here in response to your article.
The issues you raise on stigma, Psychological trauma as an effect of concealed 'illegal' abortions, significant ensuing deaths, infertility, medical and surgical complications, STD, HIV/Aids among other infections etc all these have lasting effects to the women concerned their families and society as a whole.
Some facts: Majority of the abortions will be performed by male medical practitioners, quacks etc. It's not in their interest for this practice to end, neither are the politicians with their heads neck deep in sand, hoping this does not happen in our very religious country.
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written by aeichener , July 02, 2007
Two brief notes, before commenting on the substance of this fine and powerful article:

As to Marangu's last sentence:
"politicians with their heads neck deep in sand, hoping this does not happen in our very religious country"
1. Kenyans have forsaken God, and have espoused religion instead.

As to her or his statement:
"In my mind, legalising abortion would have multiple benefits for the whole society"
2. The present discussion is not about legalising abortion. It is about decriminalizing it. A very important distinction.

Alexander
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Abortion
written by Mark Nyoike , July 02, 2007
To Whomever it May Concern,
My name is Mark Eric Nyoike, I'm a grad student at the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

First and foremost I'd like to inform all our readers that the laws governing abortion are not merely about morals but these are laws that govern precedence.

By this I mean, it's not that a government wants to undermine the rights of a woman but the fact that government also has the right to protect life in all its forms both at the infancy and the adult stage of life. If abortion laws were losely interpreted what kind of message would be sent in regard to human rights? Is a fetus a human being? Many an argument can be placed in that realm.

But isn't it a government's duty to protect life? Both the born and the unborn? We all know that in the world we live in today promiscuity and carelessness have become a poor excuse for human sacrifice. The question of abortion is not about law, it's about the morals that govern us to respect liberty and human rights.

If we were all to take up responsibility for our actions the abortion debate as a matter of law would be much watered down to individual morals and responsibilty. Our reckless actions cannot be protected under law only under the extreme circumstances of rape and incest; the rest is a matter of personal responsibility. The sole responsibilty of a government is to protect life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. All other laws are debatable from the perspective of their applicablity to human rights and liberty.

Abortion is wrong because it is a poor precedence for any legislature to follow. Our duty is to protect life not to compromise it.
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Pro-choice = anti-death !
written by aeichener , July 02, 2007
Decriminalization alone is not enough. Insofar, I certainly agree with Watetu; and I further agree that other seconding and accompanying measures are necessary and required, if one wants to alleviate the plight of girls and women, and not to espouse the cause of death under the hypocritical disguise of protecting life.

However, and here I maybe accentuate a bit differently from her, I believe that decriminalization alone is already a very important step forward. Not the single step, mind you, but an important positive markstone, upon which others are to follow suit, one by one (or by two); but they will not drop from Heaven all together like manna all of a sudden, simultaneously.

Even a "simple" decriminalization (which certainly is not sufficient) will immediately reduce the number of deaths, because it will allow women and girls to safely approach a certified medical practicioner or a public clinic for the poor (e.g. maintained by Mariestopes and other organizations). The dangerous business of quacks will not finish from today to tomorrow, but cracking down on them will become much easier and more successful, if women and girls are offered an alternative.

It might also act as a "kick in the cassock / chasuble" for many Kenyan clerics and prelates to motivate or force them finally do something for the living and not for the dead, as none less than the Lord Himself has ordered them, and to actively support penniless pregnant girls and women, such as to enable and empower them to accept a pregnancy with good conscience and responsibly.
Many churches in Europe have realized that and already do offer such charitable support; I know it since myself I have once located and organized such material support to enable a Nigerian friend to say yes to her baby (who now is an impressive boy). I was not the father, by the way (yes, I *am* sure ;-), and I also successfully made the father pay alimony), and I would have equally supported her decision and have helped her if she had eventually decided for an abortion, after due deliberation and exhaustion of all possibilities.

Alexander
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written by aeichener , July 03, 2007
Here, at last, is a halfway decent report on the Abortion Mock Tribunal, written by Juliet Njeri:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6246688.stm

The Kenyan print press, on the other hand, did not cover itself with glory.
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re: Abortion
written by Watetu , July 03, 2007


Our reckless actions cannot be protected under law only under the extreme circumstances of rape and incest; the rest is a matter of personal responsibility.


You make a valid arguement but unfortunately in my experience of the Kenyan society victims of rape and incest are grouped together with the 'reckless'. The abuse of the procedure happens even today inspite of it being criminal. Decriminalising or legalising abortion wil in my view have little impact whether positive or negative on people's abuse of the procedure.

Two brief notes, before commenting on the substance of this fine and powerful article:

As to Marangu's last sentence:
"politicians with their heads neck deep in sand, hoping this does not happen in our very religious country"
1. Kenyans have forsaken God, and have espoused religion instead.

Alexander


I couldn't agree more. The very God that is used to justify the condemnation not only of the act but of young women that have had this procedure done, is the very God whose teachings that are flouted by their condemntation.

In my experience, any views and/or discussions that threaten to expose Kenyan society as less than morally perfect are met with accusations of being the result of ‘morally corrupt’ western influences that have no place in Kenyan society and are dismissed as such.

It is my view that the decriminalization or legalization of abortion in Kenya has the potential to be beneficial to the society. I do however also believe that there is a need to objectively look at the possible consequences of decriminalization within the Kenyan society to see whether there would be any real benefits to those that need it.

The most obvious and immediate benefit is that young women would be safe from prison and the risk of further sexual abuse as described in the article. There is also the possibility that there would be more medical practitioners offering a safe and hygienic place to have the procedure.

Beyond that, I am hard pressed to find any further benefits to the ‘poor disempowered women’ that are burdened most. A number of women go to backstreet quacks not because abortion is a crime but because they simply cannot afford to pay a qualified doctor to perform the procedure. For the right amount of money, a woman can have the procedure done in safe and sanitary conditions. Would decriminalization bring these costs down or would it just increase the availability of doctors with a new avenue to make some extra money?

In some countries such as the UK where it is not a criminal offence, the procedure is offered free to young girls/women that are referred by their doctor. Further, they are required to go through mandatory counseling before being allowed to undergo the abortion. The idea is to assess the mental and emotional state of the woman and ensure that she is fully aware of her alternatives, the procedure and its consequences. It also serves to ensure that this is a decision that has been made free of coercion. Is this something that one can see happening in Kenya?

Decriminalization in itself would to my mind do little to help the situation. There needs to be a commitment by the powers that be to ensure that there are systems in place to take care of women from all walks of life whether it be by offering the procedure in public hospitals at a lower cost or as suggested by the author, offering viable alternatives.
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written by Marangu , July 03, 2007
Fully agree with Alex and Watetu's sentiments, I have to say that the reality of the consequences of procuring a backstreet abortion are beyond comprehension of most of us. I think the author has communicated well on the plight of those who have the misfortune of having to go through it.

Mark:
Your idea of the government protecting life is probably well meaning, and most would agree that the government has a duty to do exactly that, unfortunately, what we have happening in Kenya as far as this issue goes is nothing to do with protecting life, rather, harassment, extortion of bribes etc for those 'cought in the act'. Now Mark, I wonder if you have ever had any dealings with Kenya Police - who represent the government and are responsible for enforcing this law, If you have, you would know there is no ethical agenda in the way they arrest or deal with their 'Mahabusu' (I am sure there are a few exceptions I have not been lucky to meet).
I believe we have the capacity to be compassionate, to avail all the necessary resources through counselling and medical facilities if the said person requires it as Watetu suggests. And as Alex notes, those that have arrogated themselves a moral high ground are better off concentrating on the living, not the dead.
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written by a guest , July 04, 2007
Kenya is not responsibly mature to handle abortion-both as a non-crime nor legalize it.

I also think we are heels over our heads in this pro-argument, how many women truly die from complications as a result of failed abortions. I once cared for a cousin who did it, almost bled to death, but had common sense to get to Kenyatta for 'cleansing' as the doctor called it. I was disappointed that she was not honest, but more livid that she would let it happen in this day of protections. Any vague statistics?

I fear for Kenyans, for they might easily take it as an easy way out of unwanted pregnancy, only to end with mental disorders. With a child brought forth, a chance for a future exists, with a murdered one, the dark gap will haunt the mother forever!
This is a country where people believe littered streets and dirty children attract more donor funds...Kenya is immature!

First and foremost, those in the know-how need to find a away of making men and women responsible for what they sow! Learn responsibility first, then we can move up slowly. Until then, this is a pass for Mwakweres to force themselves on college girls and sing 'Hallelluia, we can always expel the fetus'.
It is not any easier going thru an abortion alone!

Secondly, sex education is best taught by parents.

From personal experience, my mother would have made lots of sense teaching me about my body as opposed to one Dr. Karanja who made it sound like a star trek show! I hear that sex education is not in school, yet in the 90's, I was bombarded by information (TMI about the phallus and pudendum), 3 years before I started budding. When I got there, I only had tiny recollections. A mother can for sure tell when one areola is slightly bigger, and kick in with lessons!. It was strange, because the way the doctor and Ms. Maggie put it, it was supposed to be one great period, but no, it is majorly an annoying period of time.
Parents need to be parents. In this case, both parents, and fathers need to start balancing family and career, it should not be a woman's issue alone!
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CONCRETE NO
written by My name is , July 09, 2007
My opinion has shifted periodicaly back and forth on this matter but has now matured to a concrete NO.I think we should not deny the unborn people there right to live , imagine if all of as were denied that opportunity when we were voiceless.There are other ways of humanising the whole issue , ie children homes, adoption,govt particpation in facilitating foster homes etc.
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Great Thoghts
written by Texas Holdem en linea , April 06, 2009
In some countries such as the UK where it is not a criminal offence, the procedure is offered free to young girls/women that are referred by their doctor. Further, they are required to go through mandatory counseling before being allowed to undergo the abortion. The idea is to assess the mental and emotional state of the woman and ensure that she is fully aware of her alternatives, the procedure and its consequences. It also serves to ensure that this is a decision that has been made free of coercion. Is this something that one can see happening in Kenya.Even a "simple" decriminalization (which certainly is not sufficient) will immediately reduce the number of deaths, because it will allow women and girls to safely approach a certified medical practitioner or a public clinic for the poor (e.g. maintained by Mariestopes and other organizations). The dangerous business of quacks will not finish from today to tomorrow, but cracking down on them will become much easier and more successful, if women and girls are offered an alternative.so i think so its very useful and knowledge able.I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article.In fact your creative writing abilities has inspired me.
Texas Holdem en linea
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