Not willing to give up on tribe PDF Print E-mail
Written by Keguro Macharia   
Monday, 24 March 2008

I am not yet willing to give up on the concept of tribe.  I am unwilling to grant that colonizers were right in their claims that tribe was a limited concept that had no place in the modern world. I am unwilling to accept their definitions that my history and heritage are small and uninteresting, lacking in depth and complexity, beauty and joy.  

I am not yet willing to give up on the concept of tribe.  

Tribe lets my friend say, "my name means one born at night," and my other friend to say, "I belong to the people who shape metal," and yet another friend to say, "I bring rain in the dry seasons." Tribe marks the changing of generations, Maina to Irungu, Kamau to Peter.  

Tribe celebrates how we have lived, how we have loved, how we have suffered, how we have mourned. We are the descendants of Gatego, the generation riddled with syphilis and Ngige, the generation decimated by locusts. To say these names is to claim that our stories are not yet done. We are not yet done. We are here.  

I am unwilling to relinquish tribe.  

To say tribe is to recognize the diversity of who we are. To say that women from that ridge discipline their men. Men from that hill are bowlegged. Children from that place run like the wind. To say that people from that place make the best ũcũrũ (porridge), from that other place the best mũratina (an alcoholic drink), from that other place the best mũtura (a dish made from stuffed animal intestines). 

To say tribe is to say people from that place talk fast, they sing their language. And people from that other place are tall. And people from that other place are dark. And people from that place like the dark taste of burnt beans. And people from that place like the iron-rich veins of green weeds. 

I am unwilling to relinquish tribe.  

There's too much left to discover, too much left to explore, too much potential to be realized. The past remains an untapped ore, myth, a rich vein, the present a fertile, fallow field. Songs remain to be sung, stories written, dramas acted.  

We have much creating to do. 

Tribe is not simply an inheritance, but untapped potential. It is the material we can work on, work with, transform and translate.  

For me, tribe is Wamũyũ, Gikuyu's tenth daughter, mother of an illegitimate child, founder of a hospitable clan. Wamũyũ, who embodies the mystery, wonder and potential of intimate hospitality. Wamũyũ, whose unnamed and unnameable lover fractures any sense of insularity, Wamũyũ, whose intimate welcome illustrates the best of tribal hospitality, tribal love, tribal openness.  

For me, tribe is Wangũ wa Makeri, the leader who dared to dance nude in the moonlight. Wangũ, who let the moon's rays caress her, her people's eyes embrace her. Wangũ, who understood that leadership meant being vulnerable and taking risks that might compromise her leadership.  

Against all logic, against all sense, I am in love with the concept of tribe.  

It is, like all love, fraught with complications and ambivalence. At times I want to scream at what seem to be the limitations of tribal identification, the ways I am called upon to perform tribe: to sing, dance, or act in a certain way. I chafe at the constrictions that ask me to speak my language to gain certain favours. I worry that my positions are taken for granted, that my identity may be said to dictate my politics.  

I am often seduced by the invitation to identify myself as national, international, or cosmopolitan. I am tempted by the idea that I can and should transcend tribe. I am compelled by the idea that I would be a better person if my allegiances were less local, less idiosyncratic, less wedded to nine clans that face Mount Kenya. But I believe in this love. I believe in its potential. I want to see where it leads.  

_______________________________________________

Keguro Macharia is a member of the coalition of Concerned Kenyan Writers.


Keguro Macharia
About the author:
Dr. Keguro Macharia teaches literature in the Continental United States.




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woah
written by Amir Ibrahim , March 24, 2008
So now, KenyaImagine, the last outpost for the civilised Kenyan finds herself positively besieged with Kikuyu supremacists, seeking to goad and inflame the passions of even those who have not the slightest urging towards Kikuyu-hatred. Do you fools know anything of the connection between causes and effects? How can an educated, middle-class Kenyan writing this be incapable of empathising with his readership and their particular sensibilities given the context? Can the bona fides of these authors be established? Are they not perhaps ODM moles sent to provoke us?
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written by Amir Ibrahim , March 24, 2008
James Watt, it is you that have proved most incapable of reason, of empathy and of basic comprehension. Ethnicity in Kenya is primarily a political motivator, and it is therefore crippling to Kenya. The Kikuyu comprise fully 25% of all Kenyans. If all, even half of these people see themselves as primarily Gikuyu, then there is no future for Kenya. I'd like you to try and think now what it means to Kenyans to have so large a part of their population with its primary allegiance not to Kenya, but to the House of Mumbi. Think about that, when you have a neighbour who does not see you as a fellow Kenyan, but who sees you primarily as a Luo, Luhya, Somali, etc. Yours and Keguro's opinions may seem trivial, even worthy of praise in a properly secure state where sentiments on ethnicity do not necessarily come across as hubristic, where there is enough to go around, and where there is little opportunity for motivation to ethnic violence. Indeed in such a state, we may even go further and romanticise specific cities, clans and towns, why stop at ethnicities?

I'd like as Manta Ray offers, that you put yourself in the shoes of the Kikuyu civil servant working in Kitale who has to consider the tenders of three or four companies who want to undertake a municipal water project there. I'd like us to imagine that the Gikuyu owned company is the only one qualified to carry out the project. Now imagine a Kenya where your sentiment reigns supreme, that he is seen as owing primary allegiance to the 'Gikuyu nation' and not to Kenya.

Try and put yourself in the shoes of a Gikuyu doctor who makes a mistake in an operation on Raila Odinga or Musalia Mudavadi and see exactly how it plays out given the sentiments you are pushing.

I would like to ask that you all stop at the cultural romanticism. Any attempts, no matter how kindly put across that attempt to make the Kikuyu a political other simply confirm the fears that the ODM has already, very successfully instilled in the Kenyan people about the Gikuyu.

I want to posit that pride in one's ethnicity is not always a bad thing, but forgive me for taking it as an attack on me a non-Gikuyu who has worked for the last one year to defend the Gikuyu against the ODM's calumny. Forgive me too, for seeing such sentiments especially in their present context, as a what-are-you-going-to-do-about-it. So Keguro is I hear a pretty civilised man, but one who chooses to write this article at this of all times?

As Wanyama says, the difficult part to deal with is not the cultural bit, it is the political bit.
I am often seduced by the invitation to identify myself as national, international, or cosmopolitan. I am tempted by the idea that I can and should transcend tribe. I am compelled by the idea that I would be a better person if my allegiances were less local, less idiosyncratic, less wedded to nine clans that face Mount Kenya. But I believe in this love. I believe in its potential. I want to see where it leads.
So although he can see the benefits possible from coming together as Kenyans, Keguro would much prefer to be wedded to the nine clans that face Mt. Kenya. Although he is compelled by the idea that he would be a better person if....., he still believes in his love for his ethnicity and he wants to see its potential.
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written by manta ray , March 24, 2008
I am a Kikuyu but i can never support the apparent tribal chauvinism and anachronistic romanticism implied by the article. What is the sense in it? What is the difference in advocating resurgent atavism with mungiki advocacy of neo-pagan subculture in 21st century Kenya? Where is the value?
Why complain then, as some Kikuyus would inevitably do, if the Luo start crying out the romanticism of Lwanda Magere, and the inherent militancy thereof, or the Kalenjin insist Orkoiyot Samoei be conferred elevated national status courtesy of the warrior culture of Nandi's before meinertzhagen?
Wanyama and Amir Ibrahim should be listened to and their views taken very seriously.
This is not the time for Kikuyu chest thumping but the time for reaching out to fellow Kenyans of other ethnicities like Wanyama and Ibrahim, and they are many, and who are willing and ready to reach out too to Kikuyus.
Only incorrigible tribalists cannot see that.
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written by Stephen Wanyama , March 24, 2008
Keguro, Watt, Matathia, Editor, etc. I will now take a break from posting on this topic. I hope that Waweru, Manta Ray, Ndiangui and others can stand up to defend Kenya. I just want to say that I have lived in Gikuyu hatred, and I know exactly how your sentiments will play out on the streets.

I see James Watt proudly affirming the reasoning behind apartheid and I see that some cannot be persuaded. I do not care at all who or what Keguro is, all I am stating is that sentiments such as his do not at all care for the millions of Kikuyu who cannot make a home or a living in Central Province, those who have to be good neighbours with Kenyans not of the House of Mumbi, Kenyans whose politicians will incite them against the Gikuyu. I am writing for my friends Michael, Sophia, Catherine and John whose families lost some members and everything they had worked close to 60 years to build in Western Kenya, because the locals had been persuaded that these Kikuyu folk, who had lived all their lives alongside them, comprised anOther, one with peculiar and competing interests and goals, one which did not let others build on its land, or marry its daughters, one which did not vote for any but its own, one that was selfish and unsympathetic. I am writing for these people who ideas such as published above precluded from successful integration because somehow, even in the 21st Century, who they were was captured unchangeably in their blood.

So it is with sadness that I see that those people in Western Kenya would find confirmation for their prejudices in the writings of Watt, Macharia, Matathia and company, and in the silence of the thousands of Kikuyu here who allow these to speak in their name. We must build a common Kenyan identity and have it at the top of our hierarchy of identities exactly because we cannot afford to compete on the basis of ethnicity.

Rather than give up in the face of attacks on our ethnicity, the middle class and Kenyan intellectuals must seek to affirm our oneness and the fact that divisions will only lead to greater strife and loss. It is not that we are refusing to think outside some confines, many of us here are even post-national, but the truth is that the consequences of inter-ethnic competition, the consequences of in any way mobilising on the basis of ethnicity are all too real and recent for us to feign ignorance while romanticising what had for the good of all Kenyans better remain purely cultural expressions of identity. Manta Ray, thank you for your support, it was very much needed.
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Good Article
written by James Watt , March 24, 2008
Pretty good article. (...edited...)
(Warning to you, too. Ed.) ...
Those so limited in their thought capacities, that it is impossible for them to see than ones pride in ones root does not make them any less Kenyan, but perhaps even more Kenyan.

For what in Kenya without the Agikuyu, th Miji Kenda, the Ameru, the Luo and the rest, to me nothing but an empty shell. Those so shallow in thought that they don't see than tribe gives you a history deeper than what the nation can give you. That it gives you a language and a name,and thus a history. Those who seek to close their eyes to the fact that what transpired in Kenya during the post election time was nothing but an affirmation of what has always been: That tribe is supreme.

Equipped with that knowledge we can now go form a Kenya that is more stable that what was cobbled together by the British and taken over by our forefathers. A state that was bound to fail, for even as our leaders proclaimed, to be Kenyan above all else, they went about being primarily devoted to their own tribemen, to this day and age.

The government of Kenya, cannot gurantee, the right for everyoone to live, own property, marry and settle in any part of this country. Anybody who witnessed the post election saga knows this. We have neither the infrastructure, the security personel or the money to do so. Let the state then be built on a foundation baed on Reality and not a empty promise that the Government of Kenya cannot possibly fulfill.
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Kenya
written by James Watt , March 24, 2008
Editor, I'll tone down on the insults. My apologies. I see it fit, to remind the Kenyans what befell us on the period beginning on the 29th of December. In Kibera, Mathare, Huruma and Dandora, the Kikuyus and the Luos went on all out tribal warfare, and up to today this places are segregated along tribal lines. If you really think about it, even poverty is not a good excuse for people who have been living side alongside each other for this places to breakdown along ethnic lines and it certainly should not be happening in a country which has had 45 years to grow together t form what is known as a Kenyan identity.

In Kisumu, there is probably few if any Kikuyus living there, believe me they looked after the Naivasha incident. In Naivasha, 19 people lost their lives for only one reason, because they were Luo. They were burnt to smitheries, the photos shocking.

In Eldoret, Kenyans lost their lives for one reason only, because they were Kikuyu. In Uasin Gishu, the outskirts of Nakuru district, people fled and are now living in the open. Why? Because they are Kikuyu. They were assaulted not by strangers, but by their very own neighbours, with whom they had lived side by side, with whom they frequently visited, whose kids knew each other and grew up together.

In Central, thousands were forced to flee for no other reason than they were Luo, Luhya or Kalenjin, thus losing their only source of income. I heard of folks who had been forcibly circumcised. Lucky they lived. And in Kericho hundreds of Kisii died in the fields for no other reason than they were Kisii.

In Laikipia, recently, people died because they were Kikuyu or Turkana. Kenyans forget too easily, but that ladies and gentlemen is the worst case scenario. It is the worst case scenario for any society that is multi ethnic, no matter how economically stable it is. There is always the chance that the whole house will collapse along those lines. A country that has a robust thoroughly professional security forces can contain this. The USA was able to contain the LA riots in 1992.

A country with an able police force might have been able to contain Eldoret and saved a lot of lives that were lost subsequently as a result. Alas ours is no such country. The Head of state calls on people to go back to their shambas and they are told categorically that they will be harmed.

It would be shocking perhaps if this was the first time it happened. But its not the first time it happened in 1991-2, in 1997, in 1997 in Likoni, and in 2002. It's become a 5 yearly ritual that will as sure as clockwork happen again in 2012 or sooner depending on the life of the present coalition.

That then is the real Kenya not the romantic one that some here profess to belong to. Actions speak louder than words, and they've been speaking for the last 16 years. It is a foolish man indeed who ignores the reality of this tinderbox we live in. The message has certainly gotten down to the peoples in the IDP camps. Most are not going to return, to where they once lived some for as long as 30 years, some who've endured the 5 year ritually burning, but they've said, Not this time. Yet people so divorced from reality as some of the posters on this site are claiming to know Kenya better than those who came face to face with the devil and marched through hell.

William Ruto speaks of historical injustices. How will this historical injustices be addressed other than by taking a shamba from one Kenyan who is Kikuyu, Kisii or Luhya and giving it to another Kenyan who is Kipsigis, Nandi or Tugen? Wanyama, whose apartheid remark is beneath my contempt and a fabrication which should at the very list be backed by links and quotes, speaks of his relatives who ethnic affiliations were manipulated. Don't you see the irony? If we were all Kenyans as you claimed, and identified ourselves primarily as such, would there be any ethnic affiliations to exploit? Would anyone be so easily susceptible? We are 45 years deep into the history of the nation. The same Wanyama speaks of how the Bukusu have not been rewarded since Michael Kijana Wamalwa. Yes, he who is better than us, he who is so very civilised and can sit on his high horse and call us backward and primitive.

John Cardinal Njue was castigated, because of a few statements he made, why, because he is a Kikuyu. The catholic bishops from western were on the other hand behind Raila to the hilt. Nothing in our previous short history confirms that Kenyans identify themselves as such. Not the elections results, not the post election period.

Amir Ibrahim and Manta Ray, if you believe in a principle defend it because you believe in it, not on account of whether Kikuyus are for you or against you. And Manta if you want to advocate for your model Kikuyuness, the good Kikuyu who is so Kenyanised, switch camp and go over to the ODM camp. Stop agitating for GEMA people to vote for Musyoka in 2012.There are others who walk before you, like Maina Kiai and Muthoni Wanyeki, so you won't get lost. Otherwise it's just the case of the kettle calling the pot black. And Mr. Ibrahim, don't seek to be someone who would know how I or anyone else for that matter would act in any given situation or what it is that makes me tick. You spin scenarios that are neither here nor there and are certainly not supported by any statement that anyone has made here.

Finally, there is absolutely nothing wrong with this article or Njoroges for that matter. In fact I'd have no issues with the same sentiments carried by an Omondi about his Luoness, or anybody else for that matter. It is only a big issue to the insecure who read in it, things which have not been written in it at all. The points raised above are just to jolt back the people on this site back to reality in case they've forgotten as some seem to have, of what has befallen us on a regular basis since 1991 and have been simmering in the background ever since we got Uhuru.
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written by aeichener , March 24, 2008
Keguro: what you wrote is lovely.

But, strictly speaking, it is nothing but romanticized necromancy.

Yet I must admit that I somewhat sympathize with its quest.

Alexander
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written by manta ray , March 24, 2008
And Manta if you want to advocate for your model Kikuyuness, the good Kikuyu who is so Kenyanised, switch camp and go over to the ODM camp. Stop agitating for GEMA people to vote for Musyoka in 2012.There are others who walk before you, like Maina Kiai and Muthoni Wanyeki.....


My model Kikuyuness, as you call it, is something every THINKING Kikuyu should aspire to, because it is broadminded enough to UNDERSTAND,EMPATHISE and AGREE WITH where Amir Ibrahim and Stephen Wanyama are coming from.
In that context i am hardly close to the ODM, and you are in fact the one who is much further in tune with what they espouse, though you do not realise it. Indeed, they are your brothers in arms and you would fit very well within their tribal configuration. You would be in great company for sure, including Wanyeki and Kiai.

(...)

(Keep that personalized insult back until 2012, will you? Consider this a warning shot too. Ed.)
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re: Ad leones !
written by aeichener , March 24, 2008
What is the sense in it? What is the difference in advocating resurgent atavism with mungiki advocacy of neo-pagan subculture in 21st century Kenya? Where is the value?


Dear, I'll prefer a neo-pagan subculture any time over the "Christian" unculture that has pervaded Kenya since the 1920s, with all its bigotry, hypocrisy, intolerance and outright brutality.

And I say this as a Catholic Christian, mind you.

Alexander
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Superb 1000 words
written by jayawardene , March 24, 2008
A painting is worth a thousand words or something to that effect...

An artist opens an exhibition of her works and the pundits troop in to see the collection making notes and commentaries trying to decipher what the author is saying in different works. All very intelligent stuff. We see what we want to see....

Who has been to see Mau Mau sculpture at the Paa ya Paa gallery, for example? How many stories have been built around that? How many interpretations have you heard?

One may take Keguro's art any way that One likes. And truly, nobody need remind us here of our current National Trauma. It is being lived every day.

Kenya is a mosaic. It will only be held together if its constituent parts have a glue that holds firm. To hold true to what you believe in is more important today than ever before in the history of our Nation.

KI is an open forum where debate is welcomed and incitement is not tolerated. Must we airbrush phrases like "facing Mt Kenya" or "House of Mumbi" just because the Daily papers have rendered them as terms of insult?

ps....."a people without a knowledge of their history is like a tree without roots" Marcus Garvey
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written by emmo opoti , March 24, 2008
Keguro, Matathia and James Watt could not possibly be more wrong, or more insensitive. While it is possible that their sentiments and understanding of Kenya has been much changed by the events of the last two months, nothing to my mind can be more destructive, more selfish or immoral than any sentiment that seeks to make rivals for the Kenyan state from its constituent ethnicities.

More than that, the Kenyan middle class has no excuses absolutely no excuses for not standing up now and fighting for Kenya, it has no excuses for claiming as James Watt does, that the actions of immoral politicians and the most ignorant backward Kenyans should transform their sensibilities. Anyone waving the flag of any ethnicity at this point (we are in the middle of an emergency!!!) is endangering this country and that is a bare fact, there is nothing lovely about it, there is nothing that any decent person should find in it to be sympathetic with.

There is a vast difference between glorifying culture and the massive leap between that and facilitating ethno-political entities in our midst. To say that one prefers one's ethnic identity over the Kenyan one is really alright, but when expressed on a public forum it does have an effect on others. As others have said, such are romantic allusions we can aspire to when we are a more stable and prosperous country, when Nairobi is grown up enough to wrestle her own place. Not now.
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written by emmo opoti , March 24, 2008
Alex you are not reading.
I am often seduced by the invitation to identify myself as national, international, or cosmopolitan. I am tempted by the idea that I can and should transcend tribe. I am compelled by the idea that I would be a better person if my allegiances were less local, less idiosyncratic, less wedded to nine clans that face Mount Kenya. But I believe in this love. I believe in its potential. I want to see where it leads.

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Trying to read closely
written by aeichener , March 24, 2008
Good point, Emmo. The Latin-rooted verb "to transcend" was indeed hideously misused here by Keguro. Transcendence exactly means *not* to give up or to refute from where one starts, but just, well, to transcend it. This point was made to me on the phone; I yield to its precise observation.

Alexander
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written by aeichener , March 24, 2008
Keguro, Matathia and James Watt could not possibly be more wrong, or more insensitive. While it is possible that their sentiments and understanding of Kenya has been much changed by the events of the last two months, nothing to my mind can be more destructive, more selfish or immoral than any sentiment that seeks to make rivals for the Kenyan state.

More than that, the Kenyan middle class has no excuses absolutely no excuses for not standing up now and fighting for There is a vast difference between glorifying culture and the massive leap between that and facilitating ethno-political entities in our midst.


1. Entities *are*. They cannot be facilitated. They are. Do you mean enmities?

2. I agree with the gist. I would wish that you expand a bit more how you see Keguro's wistful diasporic necromancy of Kikuyu dishes, local brews, down to vegetabile toilet paper (ahem - I like these leaves too) to be(come) facilitators of murder and mayhem?

3. Lest I be asked: If however I were put before the odious choice of rallying under a Kikuyu tent with pangas and torches in it, or a Kalenjin road block with bows and arrows, I would rally behind the national anthem instead, hopefully provided with a secular machine gun (salute to Meinertzhagen!) and some full ammo belts. So much for my loyalty.

Alexander
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One Kind of Response
written by Keguro , March 24, 2008
I consider most forms of social collectivities to be incredibly violent, even and especially those often considered to be the most benign and benevolent: family, church, tribe, nation. The specific ways in which these forms of belonging tend to be celebrated continually negate my life, my desires, my forms of pleasure. They inevitably ghost queer people like me.

Over the years, I have struggled with the prospect of ghosting myself, abstracting and detaching myself from such collectivities. But there are unbearable forms of negation and I try, as much as I can, to avoid the unbearable.

And so the task has been to try to mine what is possible from what exists. Does this mean that I delve into the aesthetic when I should address the historical? Yes. Does it mean I work with fantasy over politics? Yes. Does it mean I play in graveyards when I should be plowing shambas? Yes. Yes. Yes.

Do I write from a position of privilege? In many ways, yes. But I also write from a position in which I have been told that I am *not* Kenyan enough, that my kind of queer citizenship does *not* count. And, to be honest, I have stopped trying to prove something that will always elude me.

This writing takes the form it does for very specific reasons. I did not want to write a critique of universalism, cosmopolitanism, or nationalism, and I could have. Nor did I want to engage in that stubborn navet that understands forms of belonging to be worth valuing only when rational
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re: Negative Ethnicity
written by aeichener , March 25, 2008
I recently read an article in the daily Nation where Philip Ochieng' gave a favorable review of the book Negative Ethnicity - From Bias to Genocide by Koigi Wamwere.


A travesty if there ever was one. The same as if Julius Streicher were to write a "Critique of Anti-Semitism".

Koigi apparently learned from the subject, now being one of the country's most accomplished experts in negative ethnicity and one of her worst hate-mongers.

just like Paul Muite.


Another Kenyan who needs hanging.

Soonest.

Alexander
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Id enim tenemus ut credendum..
written by aeichener , March 25, 2008
So we are now fully immersed in Secular Kenyan Theology of Identity, are we? The mystery of how to be True Kenyan and True Kikuyu (etc.)?

"Unmixed, unseparated"?

Anybody able and willing to unveil the mysteries of this frail nation's hypostatic union?

Alexander
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re: Id enim tenemus ut credend
written by James Watt , March 25, 2008
So we are now fully immersed in Secular Kenyan Theology of Identity, are we? The mystery of how to be True Kenyan and True Kikuyu (etc.)?

"Unmixed, unseparated"?

Anybody able and willing to unveil the mysteries of this frail nation's hypostatic union?
Alexander


It's not hard being a true Kenyan. Pay your taxes regularly, obey the law, and exercise your right to vote. Desist from acts of tribalism, Nepotism or cronysm. (Disclaimer, I do not see any acts of tribalism in the views, expressed by myself and the rest. It is the interpratation of the insecure, lakini haidhuru) If you have any talent, running, engineering, music, film making, football, art etc. put it at the disposal of your fellow citizens.

If you want to go the extra mile buy only Kenyan goods, like Moi used to say in the 80s, Buy Kenya, build Kenya.I actually can't wait for the first Kenyan car, radio, TV, Washing Machine, Mobile phone, Computer....A flag and assorted paraphernalia professing your love for your country are also a good idea. Oh, and some may see it fit, to shout it from the roof tops that they are Kenyan above all else. Different folks, different strokes. Occasionally, tell your country men the bitter truth that they'd rather not hear.
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Negative Ethnicity - From Bias
written by benadede , March 25, 2008
I recently read an article in the daily Nation where Phillip Ochieng' gave a favorable review of the book Negative Ethnicity - From Bias to Genocide by Koigi Wamwere. http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=9781583225769
I got myself a copy from Amazon and it is cheap so I recommend all of you who can to get your hands on a copy. It addresses some of these very questions.

Written before the 2002 elections and published shortly after that, it makes for interesting reading and one can almost say it was a premontion of what was to happen some five short years later.

Koigi takes some hard hitting swipes at Moi, Kibaki, Raila, Uhuru and many others. He talks about why we have ethnic majority and minority elite dictatorships in Africa and the resultant mayhem and Kenya's experience with the two types of dictatorships.

After one reads this book, you find yourself asking yourself if Koigi did enough to avert the problems we are in. Having said that, while I think Koigi has some flaws, at least he is one of those Kenyans I credit for being willing to point out the ills of government even when they were part of it and stood to lose just like Paul Muite.

Get a copy and we can debate his thoughts further.
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Trying to be fair...
written by aeichener , March 25, 2008
It is my impression (corroborated by a few phone talks) that a number of the critics of the writings of Keguro, Njoroge, James, are attacking not so much what these write, but when they write it:
In other words, that they write it *now*. Wrong kairós.

To a certain extent, I can understand this criticism. The critics' argument is that a validation of ethnicity could or even must be received and understood as divisive, and maybe even as a validation of violence (indirectly). That it endangers the weak and downtrodden, those who already *are* victims, instead of supporting and uplifting them. That it puts oil on the fire, not in the waves.

I can barely follow this line of criticism intellectually, but I fail to resonate emotionally with the expressed fear and loathing. For neither of the three quoted writers has even remotely embraced negative ethnicity (the pet-child of the mshenzi who does not have any positive ethnicity worthy to be proud of). All of the three probably believe that being one conscious and self-assured {...insert your favourite ethnic affiliation here...} is - or should be - the best basis for becoming a proud Kenyan, instead of a rootless and easily manipulated demi-évolué.

The latter word, I am well aware, is an old and trite colonial cliché, and actually a deeply racist notion if one looks closer. And yet, surprise: sometimes clichés are true.

A.
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Last Updated ( Monday, 24 March 2008 )
 
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