Having grown up outside my pays-natal, I have had
limited and somewhat selective exposure to the Zimbabwean spiritual practice.
Growing up, our link to this spiritual hinterland consisted in great part of hours spent, after supper, listening to stories from childhood told by my
mother and father. My father's mother who hails from KwaChiweshe in the Mazowe
Valley was infamously gifted by the
spirit of my Great Grandmother, who came to her for the purpose of providing
counsel vis-a-vis the indiscretions of family members to ensure they were
whipsnapped back into shape. But visiting my grandfather, Chief Svosve wa
Gahadza, who was a very well known and supposedly an immensely powerful
physical millieu, was the only 'real' experience I encountered of the world of
the supernatural.
Visiting my grandparents, the the Svosves, or the Zendas as they are better
known, was often the best part of the holidays. They were, I suppose by African
standards, influential and affluent and this wealth would always trickle down
to us Grandkids. They spoilt us rotten. They had herds upon herds of cows and
goats, flocks of pigeon, broods of chicken, an orchard with the sweetest ripest
oranges, mangos, limes and guavas. It was there, kwaSvosve that the fear of the
supernatural was first instilled in me. While picking fruit from his orchard,
we would hear whispers of 'kubika doro' or preparation of a traditional brew
that would take place amongst elders in my Grandmother's kitchen in order to
bring special favor or resolve in the area that Sekuru (my grandfather)
presided over as Chief, or once in a we while we caught a glimpse of my Great
Aunt VaHerida in bouts of 'kusvikirwa' or receiving the spirit. She would speak
in a mannish tongue that we as children could neither understand nor
appreciate, instead we held onto eachother huddled in the corner of the smoky
dark thatch-roofed hut. But we always noted the reverence she was accorded. The
room would fall entirely silent and she would begin the reception. And though I
myself could not always understand what she was saying, nor why she took on
this masculine tone, I felt a strong sense of being part of something,
something that was no doubt sacred and worthy of my veneration.
I recall a particular instance where my parents had done as they always did during
our summer sojourns, they dropped us off in Svosve, Makomo (Marondera), my
maternal ancestral home for three weeks. One morning, before the sun had risen,
my grandfather was called out to a neighbouring farm. It was the traditional
resting place of our ancestors, but was taken over during colonisation by a
wealthy English commercial farmer, John Kay. Throughout the day nobody spoke of
where Sekuru was, nor when he would be back. Later that evening he came back,
exhausted and famished and after his supper, told us over the fire the affairs
of the day. He said his forefathers had risen from the grave and had been
scaring the black farm workers who toiled the land to the point that they had
refused to work. I doubt very much Mr Kay himself believed the ramblings of his
employees, but nonetheless saw the importance of resolution and being the
spirit medium charged with their transmission, Sekuru was the only man who
could put them to rest. This required him to go the the graves and communicate
with their spirits and understand their grievance. It turns out the spirits
were unhappy about the 'occupation' of their home. We met his eyes with
confusion, fear and humble curiosity.
To make us better understand, he explained the history of the land and of John
Kay's farm, the history of our family, revealing names none of us had ever
heard of. The next day he took us on a tour around his farm, and the edges of
John Kays dale showing us the place he was born, how he and his nuclear family
were forcibly removed with only the clothes on their backs, and relocated to a
place many many miles from where his home now stood. I understood then that the
awakening of the spirits was a symbol, a symbol of wrongs in his history that
had to be made right, and in so doing Sekuru heeded his calling - to put the
spirits to rest. And he did, he won the first ever court case which ruled that
a black Zimbabwean could go back to his ancestral land and take back and
rebuild his home in the 1940's. he told us he would travel on the first of
every month to the Marondera district Office, which was then devolved under the
Rhodesia.
Govenrment in order to plead his case. Himself and Three other Great Uncles
then to the case to court and won. Tens of years later following that victory,
the rest of the land was given to him and his extended family during the
redistribution of land process. Recounting the many legal battles he endured to
return to the place he and his forefathers called home, made me understand he
was truly a man of the soil, but that he also realised we were in a changed
world - where the spiritual and the real must make a compromise. He never did
disclose to us how he appeased the spirits, nor if he did at all, he only told
us that when we were older we would understand.
Twenty three years later, I appreciate and respect what traditional spiritual
practice really means. These elders that practice it are the custodians of a
great Mbire tradition and ultimately, an entire culture. They hold the
knowledge and practice of the Shona. They are the curators, the procheins amis
of our familial ancestral history. I do respect, with great degree, what his
divine abilities and those of vaHerida meant to the community and to our own
protection. VaHerida's most favoured grandchild in my mothers family was my
mother. She cooked the traditional brew for her to ensure she was protected
from bad spirits or karma, blessed with wealth, good health, and in turn this
blessing was passed on to her children - myself included. My mother believes
heart and spirit that this blessing combined with many (traditional Catholic)
prayers protects her from the harm of evil. vaHerida and vaSvosve were powerful
symbols and spirits and through me, in thought at least, that power lives on. I
carry with me a sense of their existence in a parallel world, where they watch
over me and protect me too from the harm of evil. The existing elders as well
as the deceased ancestors are the key ritual
divinations or as it is called in Shona, 'kusvikirwa'. The knowledge and
process is revealed as a gift...a gift to be respected.
And though my knowledge and practice is not impeccable, I do, sincerely, have
the most genuine and upmost respect for the customary rituals, healing,
figures, symbols, proverbs, and narratives, for they are the custodians of the
very tapestry of Shona culture. Tichengete Soko, Jena
mwana waGahadza waSvosve.
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After this prefiguration, a few comments to the substance, if I may, Chiedza:
- I like it how your piece simultaneously allow for natural and supernatural explanations (e.g. the "social control" exercized through the spirit fo your great-grandmother); for the one does indeed not exclude the other, both can go hand-in-hand.
- The look back into Southern Rhodesian history (*before* the whites radicalized themselves under Ian Smith, a process for the initiation of which actually Black Rhodesians were co-reponsible, alas), the historical glimpse via the example of one John Kay, is very instructive. And you make us keen to learn more. Spirits and humans (ahem) seem to have worked hand-in-hand again.
- The role of ancestors and/or spirits is a common topic in the early colonial gaze as well as in recent ethnology. The Kenyan examples of various ethnia that I know of, mostly seemed to indicate a distinctively "lesser" role of ancestorial presence than in Western Africa and parts of South Africa. I wonder why.
Best regards and thanks again for this fine piece,
Alexander