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Separating the Men from the Boys PDF Print E-mail
Written by Nekessa Opoti   
Wednesday, 14 February 2007

The Daily Nation reports Wednesday that a school in Meru District sent home the uncircumcised boys of its entry class afraid that they would be a cause of disruption. 

In the report, the bullied boys give a detailed account of the torment that they suffer as a result of their status. The taunts the boys suffered prove that we have a problem in our society. In  21st Century Kenya one's manhood is dependent on whether or not he is circumcised . This despite the fact that a significant portion of Kenyan society does not culturally practice circumcision. The implied suggestion here is that we are to view the men from these non-circumcising backgrounds as inferior to other men, as not having achieved adult status. What then to make of 'uncut' men from outside of Kenya? Is this the standard that all men must achieve ?

Last week, I wrote an article on the eradication of female genital circumcision. With reference to both these issues, I will reiterate that I am not calling for wiping out our traditions. At the same time however, there are some traditions that are not relevant to our times. It may have been useful in the past, for reasons of symbolic unity to put pressure on boys to undergo specific cultural rites, but such pressures are not useful today.

One would like to think that this is an isolated incident, restricted to a rural backwater but the danger is that these attitudes spill-over onto the national stage. This  leads then to a situation where  Kenyans, including potential leaders are judged not on their merits but on whether they are "boys" or "men", as was the case recently in insults thrown at ODM-K Presidential hopeful Raila Odinga. This is a warning sign that we are not the civilized society we might like to think we are.

Testing the attitude on male circumcision in the Kenyan community, I spoke to two modern young men from Kenyan communities that practice this initiation rite . While they admitted that the practice is archaic, they both agreed that their communities strongly believe in circumcision as an indicator of manhood. Regardless of our cultural attachments empirical reality dictates that circumcising a man has no  bearing on his behaviour or intellect and we cannot  continue to claim that going under the knife makes one a "man".

Even worse,the Form One boys were taunted by being called "women" and "girls." This is indicative of a deeper problem in our social psyche. That they would use the term "woman" or "girl" derogatively, betrays an underlying belief in the inferiority of women.

If it was not so sad and backward, this quote from the suspension letter reads like something from an American Comedy, perhaps one demonstrating a parody of unusual requirements from schools of their students.

"This is to inform you that your son cannot fit in school under the condition he is in. You sneaked your son in school without reporting to us that the boy was not done to be like others i.e. circumcised."

It is saddening that such practices may be permitted to occur in of all places the public education system, underwritten by the taxes of millions who do not practise circumcision. That the school, a high school, has the leadership of a principal who was so confident of its position as to even put those words to pen is a proof that this is not an attitude isolated to the school, but the whole of the local community. If the boys were sent home from school for being like "girls", is the school not then saying that girls should not be educated? We cannot limit our children by such anachronistic prejudices, every child in Kenya should have the right to education and the chance at a better life, whether girl or boy, circumcised or uncircumcised!



Nekessa Opoti
About the author:
Nekessa Opoti is the Group Publisher of the Imagine Company, the parent company of Kenya Imagine. 




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written by Amir Ibrahim , February 15, 2007
Given that most of these 25 boys intended to get circumcised at another time, the attacks on them promote the idea that society can compel its members to abandon personal preferences and dicate to them what is right or wrong, even when the issue at hand is of an entirely personal nature.

The Ministry of Education, and the Courts must set out clearly that this is not part of the learning process that we are handing down to young Kenyans.

The other side of the story, one which seems to have been conveniently ignored by everyone, is that bullying, violent bullying even, persists in Kenya's public school system.
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written by Riziki , February 15, 2007
There was an incident sometime back, when a group of boys in primary school forcefully circumcised another boy in the name of making him a man. And it doesn't even just happen among young boys going to school because i remember reading incidences in the newspaper that involved forceful circumcision.

Some practices are so ingrained within the African community mpaka trying to make people rationalize their actions in regards to these practices, is a waste of time. Not that male circumcision should be done away with, but tormenting someone because they don't adhere to this practice is just not fair.
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Headmaster did the right thing
written by Kenyaonly , February 15, 2007
Julia, for once i will disagree with you and accept the fact that the headmaster was right for sending those boys home. You have no idea what they could have gone through for the next 10 weeks that the school is in session. Having attended Form one in Central Province, in my class year 2 of the boys that joined were not men and were tormented mentally on top of regular monolization that is rampant in this kind of schools.

One thing you should understand is that at this age, thats when most boys are recognizing themselves as men and when you put over 700 men with about 25 boys thats a recipe for disaster, those boys could be emotionally disturbed through the ridiculing that goes on if one is not cut. Some of the things that i can guarantee you were the basis of the headmaster telling them to go home are like those boys cant take shower with men, cant be in the room when the men are dressing, cant be members of groups that men are participating and the list goes on, some of the kids that go through this kind of torture don't even finish high school, they are disturbed and always afraid "watapandiswa mkokoteni".

But i also understand that there are culture differences, but if thats the case just know you will not be welcome in Eastern, Central and parts of rift valley. I am not trying to be mean or anything but a "boy" will definitely suffer in hands of "men". It does not matter whether the headmaster or the government will protect such boys, they will still feel inferior to their peers, talk of cold war
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written by emmo opoti , February 15, 2007
The notion that there exists some essence, named manhood, that is housed in the genitalia of the human male, and which is somehow improved by operation on these self-same genitals, is a conceit belonging in another time.

Kenyaonly seems to offer himself for membership of this club of nutters by persisting in calling those who have endured this operation men, and those who have not boys. I take it that the Jewish custom or the Islamic rite which are performed in early childhood, even infancy would elevate such a child to manhood before they could even sit?

That said, I agree with your evaluation that absent strong leadership from the principal the boys lives would have been hell. Sadly, as is common in Kenyan society we find a way to appease the aggressor, asking the victim to seek a compromise even when it is injurious to their personal rights.
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written by aeichener , February 15, 2007
Paul of Tarsus was quite a smug conceited @€#µ%$!ß (and a royal pain in the ass for everybody around him), but he would have had one precise designation for such a headmaster: "uncircumcised of the heart".

Many Kenyans these days - alienated and uprooted - seem to confuse the mere cutting away of a bit of flesh with an initiation rite. Their great-grandfathers would have known the difference.
*Sigh*

Alexander
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The real Men
written by Marangu , February 16, 2007
First my Pongezi to the author for bringing this piece of sad news to those of us who missed it, and why did we possibly miss it, because it did not make headlines, its not in the same league with the Rev Wanjiru daily grid or the rampant robberies which are more appealing and newsworthy to the journalists. Circumcision is not only valued by the Merus but by many other communities of similar origin. How this happens in modern Kenya is beyond belief, those of us who come from where this is practiced know from experience that it did not happen twenty years ago, the tounts were there but the best support one could expect was from the teachers. This varied from school to school but sending kids home in the name of circumcison was unheard of.
And who are the real men? It's certainly not the Headmaster who penned that expulsion letter or the misguided brats who think loosing a foreskin has anything to do with being a Man. To me the Real Men are those 25 galant Gentlemen who worked hard enough to earn a place in a High school and their devoted parents who made sure they were not going to miss an opportunity of their lives.
That this idiot of an headmaster is probably still teaching is an indictment of our rotten social and judicial system, the argument by Kenyaonly is rather sad and the less we say of it the better. My hope is those Gentlement have reclaimed their rightful places in class and are persuing their dreams as they should.
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Marangu get off your high hors
written by Honey , February 16, 2007
I have always insited that if one wants to solve a rpoblem involving humans, the best way is to first take note of the people in the community.

Bullying is real, and devastating.

We are addressing young men who still have their minds partially closed. D'u realize how folly it is preaching wisdom where ignorance is bliss?. I do not intend that they be left like that, but abrupt changing will not be of help.

However, I also find fault with the headmaster for not trying to reverse this sort of thinking. He si not playing his role well.

The other leaders in the district need to show their leadership 'ness'.
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Manhood??!!!??
written by noel , February 16, 2007
HA!!! So people still calla man a man because of the way his piece looks? So what about all those circumcised men who have nothing going for them? It is obvious that being circumcised does not raise you IQ or improve your worth to society. The worth of any human should not be gauged by their appearance, more so of a part that hardly sees the light!! :idea:
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Manhood
written by Kenyaonly , February 16, 2007
Marangu and Noel, am sorry you feel the way you do regarding the situation but understand that this has nothing to do with a persons IQ or being a better man, its the culture and society that has made it to be like that. What the headmaster did probably saved those kids life, you all know what kind of monolization that goes on in Boarding schools especially Boys Schools.
I can only imagine 25 boys "uncut" trying to go take a shower....those other boys would scream like they are in a stadium or worse, its demeaning and the headmaster acted in the interest of the parents and those young boys, he should be congratulated because i believe for him to have taken that step he must have been pushed by the events in that school.
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written by a guest , February 16, 2007
I fully concurr with Emmo & those of like mind. We fought for uhuru coz of culture issues which dictated that black pipo were inferior to the caucasian of any origin. Such culture of human superiority over another human enslaved the whole africa... Culture shud not be imposed especially if it doesn't seem to add value to the society at large
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written by Dave Nyambati , February 16, 2007
Circumcision in traditional Kenyan society (those that practice it) wasn't simply the removal of the foreskin. It was a series of learning events and trials that were structured to make the participant fully grasp what it took to be a man including being ready to protect your family, kin and community from those that might cause them harm. The cutting of the foreskin was merely a symbolic culmination that marked the end of the transition into manhood – and declaring the initiate ready to start a family.

In those days, declaring a person a man after the complete process would have been a valid assessment – akin to graduating from one level to another. These days, boys of varying ages are taken straight to hospital or to the cutting ceremony without the teaching experience that the passage was intended to offer. Kenyans have to find a way to reconcile traditional practices with modern life, to put an end to bigotry.

Kenyaonly - the excuse that it was for the boys' own protection is very illogical. If anything, the other 1000 boys who taunted them or who would cause them harm should have been suspended. By your logic, why dont we lock up all women who insist on wearing minis for their own protection because men cannot control themselves and will rape them. After all it's for their own good, right?

Does anyone stand on principle anymore? The parents of these boys should sue the hell out of that school – that will make bigots like that principal think twice next time.
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the headmaster was right.
written by kendirangu , February 16, 2007
Sorry, I accidentally hit the "edit" button instead of "quote". My fault, and I apologize! Alexander (Ed.)

if the law, ethics and religion didnt protect women rights from rape

Where?
In Kenya?!

Bwahahahahahahahahahahahaha.

Alexander
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weird cultures
written by Mboch , February 16, 2007
Circumcision is here to stay and it's not archaic.

Bullying is archaic and has no place in the modern world. What the other cut boys should have been informed of, is to respect other peoples culture as they would like others to respect theirs.


This is a good debate because it brings to light the other side of the uncut cultures.

Men whose cultures don't cut, even faced with the medical evidence that the cut saves life by reducing susceptible levels from the AIDS virus stand their ground that their culture does not practice cut.
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Disappointment
written by Nekessa , February 19, 2007
Thanks Alex for the link, I would recommend all to read Joshua's piece.

I am disappointed that a lot of readers, intelligent Kenyans in every respect, would condone the actions of the headmaster. While, I don't find the sentiments shocking, I am disheartened that there lacks a voice of reason. As has been highlighted by several people, the suspension of those boys is wrong on so many levels!! These very problems permeate our society, and are a detractor to political and social change which Kenya desperately needs. Headmasters, and leaders of other institutions play a major role in the positive development of our communities, and it is at this grassroots level that change must come, not from Nairobi, not from Parliament, but from community leaders, churches, and schools.
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written by aeichener , February 19, 2007
I think that Honey's and Nekessa's postings coincide quite nicely. My thanks to both!

Alexander
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written by crystal , February 19, 2007
I really don't think sending the boys home and actually suspending them can be supported. We live in different times. We have to all live together...whether you're circumcised or not and by headmasters doing such ridiculous things, we just condone the bullying. If a thousand boys have to be suspended as a result of them bullying other boys, so be it. Right has to prevail. Enough of trying to make the peace for the wrong reasons.
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The two issues
written by Kamale , February 20, 2007
In the process of discussing the sad events in Meru, we have gone off tangent and even criticised circumcision amongst those that practice it.

There are two things here that are distinct. One is the element of the primitive act of school bullying and the rite of passage called circumcision.

What the headmaster did was refuse to face up to the problem of bullying in his school and decided to punish the victims. Bullying is still being practiced in most Kenyan schools and this would be the first time the lack of a cut became a bullying issue in my experience. I was lucky I went to a government school where bullying was alien but I have heard sorry stories of what the rabbles/monos went through.

If the 25 boys were to be taunted for lack of a cut, but not be subjected to any physical harm like forced circumcision, then perhaps one couuld say it would only have added pressure for them to get the cut at the earliest opportunity. I would not like to think that all the other boys in that class who had a cut are not being bullied!
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Cultural headmaster
written by Job , February 20, 2007
Julia, this is a topic for good national debate. I think this is one headmaster who : (a) openly endorsed bullying in schools (b) attempted to officially sneak his own cultural beliefs into the school's cirriculum (c) attempted to introduce new cultural dimensions broadly into Kenya's education policy and (d)arrogated himself and exercised powers he didn't possess, which in effect violated the human rights and dignity of the 25 kids & their parents.

This is a case of a headmaster who FAILED to enforce discipline among his rowdy students. By abdicating his duty and responsibility to offer a safe environment for learning (for all kids) he deservedly got punitive disciplinary charges himself.

The Ministry of Education got an embarrassing glimpse of the interior of it's own house. Just how horrible the enforcement of discipline and respect in the learning environments called schools has degenerated,..... just how incompetent some of the men and women assigned to protect our children in schools have become,...and just how arrogant (& out of touch with reality)some headmasters behave in their little fiefdoms.

On the cultural front, I think some exposure beyond our borders (either literally or through reading) may reveal to many of our kids (& that headmaster) just how culturally diverse the world is and just how beautiful that diversity is. How many of our teenage kids in Kenya know for instance that just across the border in Uganda, only two communities practice the custom of male circumcision, with all the major tribes; Baganda, Banyoro, Basoga, Acholi, Langi, Teso, etc not undergoing the cut? Beyond E.Africa, venturing the Central and Southern parts of the continent to the Zulu tip, shows a similar pattern,....which correlates similarly with the case in most of Europe, Australia, Asia and South America. Viewed from a global prism, many would be actually surprised to learn that most male inhabitants of this earth are not circumcised.

We need to encourage kids and rogue teachers to keep the foreskin (& other cultural issues) out of classroooms and dormitories while focusing more on books and self discipline.

Job
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written by Honey , February 20, 2007
I also think it is time school boys and girls got some privacy during washing. Ho wdo they get to know who is cut or not, men? D'u peep at each other in the urinals? :shock:
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written by Kamale , February 21, 2007
I also think it is time school boys and girls got some privacy during washing. Ho wdo they get to know who is cut or not, men? D'u peep at each other in the urinals? :shock:


:shock: Are you a product of the public boarding school system??? .....don't think so otherwise that question would not have been asked!
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re: Cultural headmaster
written by Kamale , February 21, 2007
On the cultural front, I think some exposure beyond our borders (either literally or through reading) may reveal to many of our kids (& that headmaster) just how culturally diverse the world is and just how beautiful that diversity is. How many of our teenage kids in Kenya know for instance that just across the border in Uganda, only two communities practice the custom of male circumcision, with all the major tribes; Baganda, Banyoro, Basoga, Acholi, Langi, Teso, etc not undergoing the cut? Beyond E.Africa, venturing the Central and Southern parts of the continent to the Zulu tip, shows a similar pattern,....which correlates similarly with the case in most of Europe, Australia, Asia and South America. Viewed from a global prism, many would be actually surprised to learn that most male inhabitants of this earth are not circumcised.

Job


...and in Kenya, how many tribes actually do NOT practice the custom of male circumcision?

People should stop 'criminalising' an age old custom under the guise of this unfortunate incident.
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Said something similar
written by MainaT , February 21, 2007
Kamale, I said something similar and my post was deleted. We whine all day about we Kenyans/Africans (?) lacking an appreciation of our own culture because we are too busy aping Western culture. Yes the incident of BULLYING is regrettable, but its a known fact that in some of these tribes even association with uncircumcised is frowned upon.
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written by aeichener , February 21, 2007
Not every traditional abuse however is "culture". smilies/cool.gif

On one hand, one must not ever deride and disparage the commendable esteem of one's heritage and customs as washenzi behaviour. But on the other hand, being a mshenzi is not already a sign of being rooted in autochthonous "culture".

Lastly, much of what Kenyans mistakenly estimate to be traditional and time-hallowed cultural heritage, is in fact fairly new. One example I have recently given as comment to the female circumcision thread "Cut out".

Alexander
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Cultural Headmaster
written by Job , February 21, 2007
Kamale,

I don't think anyone is criminalising any age-old cultural practices or customs in view of this unfortunate incident. Most of us acknowledge our respective cultural heritage. Alex says some of these practices are in fact more recent than thought.

My post specifically calls for our kids and teachers to first embrace our rich cultural diversity THEN respectfully try not to demand the uniform imposition of any one custom/practice on everyone setting foot on local environs. That can be a dangerous precedent for a nation with such diverse communities.

As such, for whichever local jurisdiction, specific cultural practices must be respectfully kept outside school classrooms and dormitories while focusing instead on books and self-discipline.

If that is gracefully done, then we may not expect to witness such bizzare cases like: a headmaster in say Kamitune Meru, sending all uncircumcised boys home to first get the cut ; a headmaster in say Kodero-Bara sending kids back home to knock out six lower teeth before admission ; or a headmistress at say Kapchilmangigelget Girls sending all uncircumcised girls home to first get the cut. That would be crazy. Ama?

Ni hayo tu.
Job
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written by aeichener , February 22, 2007
The best comment which I have seen in the Kenyan media so far, has been published in the Kenya Times, and stems from Meeme Joshua.

Worth a click:
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HOW ?
written by Bosibori , February 22, 2007
Interesting article Julia .
Coming from a High school where the principal was "untouchable", and her word was law, to the point where a girl wearing a rosary was sent home for being a "devil worshipper,", and muslims were openly outcasts,it doesn't surprise me!

Your article not only brings out the ethnocentricity present in our society today, but an inveterate mismanagement culture common with Kenyan principals who are notorious for running public schools like kiosks. How is it possible that a principal can take a drastic step as expelling almost two dozen boys, shouldn't that have been a decision that should been placed forward to the School Board ?

If a principal takes the initial decision of sending the poor uncircumcised boys home, then of what value is his leadership to the school in controlling defiant behaviour. His message is clear to the rest of the speculators that his competence as a leader is dismal!
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\'pinion from the papers
written by Nekessa , February 22, 2007
Here is another discussion on this:
Chilling signal to those who don’t circumcise .
I am really interested in an opinion from the circumcising community... one that does not condone the actions of the headmaster and the bullying boys.
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Right move by headmaster
written by Kara Maina , February 24, 2007
So called "Civilized" society will naturally disagree with the good heamaster's move to send the boys home--there are many arguments for and against the move. But the most important thing was to look at this from a safety and psychological well being perspective--what's more important than life and good health. It is my opinion that the headmaster did the right thing sending the uncircumsized boys away. It is even possible that the boys' continued presence in the school would have been cause for unrest--they would! Good thing that the headmaster averted that possibility. Better safe than sorry! The greatest thing is having your life.
In that regard, it is not too much to ask that the boys be circumsized before they go back. After all, it is tradition--just like u have pass primary school before you go to secondary. Many communities in Kenya take circumcision seriously. Fortunately or unfortunately, I don't see that changing anytime soon.
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written by aeichener , February 26, 2007
By far the best printed comment so far came from Walter Odhiambo in the Nation of Monday, 26th February 2007. I only quote one excerpt from the worthwhile longer letter:

"It is as repugnant, crude and cruel as a white headmaster in a post-apartheid era in South Africa who sends away black children from a white-dominated school to save them from bullying!"

Source: http://www.nationmedia.com/dai...wsid=92624
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