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The power of integration PDF Print E-mail
Written by Atandi Anyona   
Sunday, 16 December 2007

After letting rushed thoughts form and shaken foundations rest, significant truths have sprouted with unequivocal candour. Identity has taken a prominence in social discourse, a prominence that commands attention and analysis. Any group of people survive and flourish when they stand on foundations fashioned by the concrete of their culture and the mesh of their traditional fibre. Such a people would have such a solid knowledge of their system and its working, and importantly also knowledge on how to sculpt it to suit their every need. They know their systems, its facilities and opportunities so well that an outsider, with the most thorough anthropological knowledge and years of study, would find it difficult to persuade them along another path, one they did not want to pursue.

The race is the cheetah's and stealth belongs to the leopard. No cultural identity can be taken over by those to whom it does not belong, and no one can have his identity taken over by another. There is a force to be drawn from in our cultural identities, a force whose potency we lose in letting go of our cultural self. If Atandi took to walking about in Asian, Russian, Australian or Scottish cultural garb, as beautiful as these threads may be, and as stately as they may make Atandi look, they will not fit my identity on account of their alien weaving. I will walk as a man unsure of his consciousness; why? Because they do not, culturally, belong to me. They denote an identity, an ipseity that is linked to a history somewhere, to a soil somewhere, a people, music; traditions that are treasured for their beauty but that are also profoundly incongruous with my spirit, with our spirit.

A short twist in the scenario brings on wholly different consequences. Crown Atandi's head with Dogon head-dress, adorn his ears with the beads of the Nandi, brace my torso with body patterns from the Dinka, cover his shoulders with the Kente of the Ashanti, tie a roa warrior skirt from the Gusii round my waist, and shoe my feet in Basotho sandals. Adorn me with such and I will tread the streets as a freshly crowned Kabaka. Have you seen a leopard prance about his territory or a hippo wallow in his waters?

It is not that cultural exchange is wrong, or even that it is harmful. Indeed I believe the exact opposite, that in these cultural transactions are exchanged the threads that make for an even richer fabric. However, it is crucial that we do not confuse assimilation and integration. These are not twins either in mode or in meaning; they are the difference between absolute cultural success and outright poverty.

The notion of 'purity of identity' should itself be expunged from our thinking. History chronicles that all such efforts at cultural purity ended up weakening rather than strengthening the aggregated peoples.  In our particular African experience, the colonial doctrine of ‘divine and conquer' utilised heavily such sentiments, placing a wedge between communities, placing the one culture above the other, creating rivalries where before was a seamless osmosis of customs and traditions. So it is that even now, we are instilled with pride in the purity of our roots, our tribe, our town, our country and the over-arching unconscious pride in our blood, whatever that means. And it is this spirit of vanity, the purity of blood that then graduates into a separatist arrogance in being Kikuyu or Zulu, Akan or Wolof. It leads us to forgetting that our ancestors harboured no such pretensions, that your great grandfather was Tswana, your grandmother Rendile, your niece Oromo and her father Twa.

The danger in this philosophy lies in its seductive powers, the way it quickly takes over society, bringing rifts where we would have been laying bridges. Two lions cannot rule the same pride; two bulls do not rub their backs on the same tree.  The previous mores of cultural mixing and interaction, the retention of identity even as we happily borrow from others are set aside, and in their place come the tragedy of the Rwanda experience, of Molo and Kuresoi, Bantustans are formed and if a factor like Bismarck should be employed by the hand of history, we are soon waving proud flags and erecting border posts.

And it is in these cracks that those who would want to cause us harm drive their wedges, those visitors who would much rather break into our houses than knock on our doors. And it is then that we find that our zones of exclusion, and our purity of origin is off little aid, we are in our little enclaves, cultural or actual, picked apart and devoured as easily as the lion does a gazelle strayed from its herd.


Atandi Anyona
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written by lameck , December 17, 2007
while I marvel at the wisdom of your words, I am however confused with your plot. what do you intend the multiple figures clasped in intercultural abodes to grasp?
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written by Amir Ibrahim , December 17, 2007
I am similarly confused. Why would Atandi Anyona walk majestically in a Dogon mask or Kente? Would that not be just as alien to him as a Kimono or a kilt?

I am certainly with you on the folly of borders, although I would like to extend that to the whole of mankind.

Do you suppose that you are fleeing tribalism and nationalism and clothing yourself in the robes of racism? Who the villain Bismarck or Nkrumah?
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Article of the month?
written by Jayawardene , December 18, 2007
This is another smmoth, sweet and enjoyable piece. Original in style and rich in its use of the traditional animal fables that sadly are now lost to many these days. Perhaps we will begin to use them again in everyday language when we have a new occupier at the old Governor-general's appartments. I also have a suspicion that your favourite animal is the leopard.

Speaking on assimilation and integration you note that one must never confuse one for the other. Your article does not give a hint so I might ask which of the two is the preferred.

Perhaps it is wise not to place mortals on pedestals whilst they are still alive. I am still reeling from a devastating TKO sustained in a different thread where I watched in horror as one of my greatest heros was ambushed, attacked, mauled and torn to shreds.

Keep well.
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written by aeichener , December 19, 2007
After a heavy beginning, the article gains speed and thrust. The contraposition of assimilation and integration is thought-inspiring, though I would like the author to expound a bit further why s/he sees these two notions as so distinct. I fully agre with her (or him) when s/he underlines what I always have striven to point out: "placing a wedge between communities, placing the one culture above the other, creating rivalries where before was a seamless osmosis of customs and traditions."

Tribalization is largely (not only, not exclusively, but largely) a scheme of colonization. The osmosis and interaction was indeed a most typical trait of many pre-colonial African cultures, and of course of Kenya as well. The many women bearing a first or second name of Nyokabi - exempli gratia - testify of that.

I will not deny that there has been brutal colonization before, nor that there has been a spirit of reckless racial arrogance even before the British, German, French came, doubtlessly. The Maasai are a prime example for this, and the Maxim gun and the Martini-Henry rifle gave them back in kind. But far more typical for many African fabrics was a weaving pattern of peaceful interaction and integration.

Alexander
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Integration vs Assimilation
written by Atandi , September 17, 2008
Greetings to you all and thanks for the comments.

With regards to assimilation and integration, the former tends to occur when the culture of one group totally engulfs that of the other (commonly used by the French in west Afrika). Colonization usually results in assimilation since the culture of the colonized develops at the mercy of the colonizer who, in essence, strives to bastardize or totally extinguish the traditions of the native, which he sees as sheer barbarianism. Assimilation takes a more balance with regard to the exchange of cultural dispositions among the cultures that come into contact with each other. For example, among African language groups, or the different Indian 'tribes'. The American Indian and the Black American also shared a unique cultural identity. Integration rarely occurs between two different races as a result of the heightened form of cultural and racial arrogance of the 'lighter races' which has been consolidated throughout history.

Hope this helped

remain well.
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