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Voluntourism is Exploitation PDF Print E-mail
Written by Nanjala Nyabola   
Saturday, 30 August 2008

Two weeks ago, I was one of a group of about 16 meeting in Kibera to review the success of a few development projects and look for a variety of ways to get involved.

About 10 in the group were foreign students – 8 white Europeans and 2 Chinese – and the rest of us were African. The group spilt into two groups where each group would inspect a couple of projects, meet back at a central location and then swap projects to inspect. It emerged however, that the (almost entirely white) group didn’t want to inspect a project but preferred to walk around “just to see”. Now, this is where the hair stood on the back of my neck and a part of my spirit cried, “No!”

I don't know that I will ever understand why people would tour a poverty-stricken area just for the sake of "seeing". I find it extremely derogatory and offensive that people’s daily lives can be reduced to a tourist spectacle and dehumanisation justify this dehumanization by claims that it benefits the people who are being seen. An article on voluntourism appearing on cnn.com justifies the work that some Hollywood celebrities are doing by emphasising how it has changed their lives, or how it has made the whole experience more “personal”.

Don’t get me wrong; this is in no way taking away from the valiant efforts that people – of all races creeds and colours – have made towards addressing the problem of poverty. However, we need to be realistic about the fallacy within. Voluntourism – jetting in, kissing a few babies, taking a few pictures by a shanty town - only benefits those who are doing it. It gives them a warm feeling when they go to sleep that night (Roger Moore’s words) and is an eye opener (Dean Cain). But ask that baby 10 years down the line how it felt to have their picture taken with Dean Cain and they would probably say “huh?” It speaks to a serious short coming in our poverty reduction strategies if such mundane activities make the headlines in CNN, while the numerous indigenously started and run initiatives, like the ones half of our group visited, are ignored.

It also speaks to serious shortcomings in our society if we continue to allow our brothers and sisters to be debased, dehumanised and exploited in our attempt to gain donor funds.

I am ashamed to admit that although I was born, raised and continue to live in Lang’ata, this last month was the first time that I had been to Kibera and spent significant amounts of time there. I am even more ashamed to admit that among my closest friends; probably 90% would say the same. In fairness, many of us don’t need to pay visits to the slum to be reminded of poverty; our families live it every day. The poverty in Western Kenya, particularly during the drought or the flood season is more biting than anything I have seen in Kibera so far. Even so, I am ashamed because as I stood in that group and heard those foreigners back and forth about how dismal the conditions in Kibera were, look through their digital cameras at all the pictures they had taken of how appalling people’s living conditions were; I felt that I had failed in my duty to protect those children and families from exploitation. Because I knew where those pictures would end up (Facebook, blogs and other websites) as proof that they had “been to Africa.”

Kweli kuishi kwingi; kuona mengi. I thank God that I have had the immense privilege of travelling extensively across Africa, Europe and North America. The fundamental lesson that all this travel has taught me is that people; rich or poor, old or young; Black, White, Asian or any other race, are at the end of the day just that. People. With hopes, dreams and ambitions and the desire to make a better life for themselves and for their children. It is time that we who are committed or even remotely interested in fighting poverty stop looking at our brothers and sisters as specimens or statistics and restore their human dignity. If not, we have only ourselves to blame when the gap between those who exist “to see” and those who “are seen” continues to grow and tear the fabric of society apart.


Nanjala Nyabola
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written by Paul de Waard , September 01, 2008
Love your article and agree on the point made that too many volunteers and NGO's come with wrong attitudes and not for the rigt reasons. But still as a volunteer in Kibera myself, I would like to create an image which is not as black and white as this article put it.

I agree on the fact that to many people come and watch, instead of to help and learn. You get the feeling that many Western volunteers are there just to walk around, teach a few classes to the kids and than take pictures just, so they can show and tell their friends back home. And from the moment on their whole social surrounding knows they have been there, they are considered an authority on what is wrong in Kibera and how it should be helped. Although these volunteers never really took the time to learn and to really listen to people in Kibera.

Although Voluntourism is Exploitation is a catchy title indeed, I have a more moderate, maybe positive attitude towards it. The fact that I, as a Western volunteer learn, enjoy and get the most from volunteering (whether it is getting the satisfying feeling doing it or the three lines I can add to my CV), it does not diminish the impact there is made in any way. Volunteering is not a zero-sum game, there are two winners, if done properly of course. And like always the 'rich and western' volunteer is probably the biggest winner of the two like always, but still does not in any way make the benefit to the community in Kibera in any way less relevant.

The problem is that much of the time NGO's and volunteers are not flexible enough to achieve this balance.
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ban NGOs
written by ezz , September 04, 2008
Of all the years the western ngos/volunteers have been active in kenyan slums etc., they really have nothing to show for it. Poverty levels have not been improved by their contribution. Instead, the opposite can be argued. Their presence tends to make the people passive, dependent on handouts, and dampens the people's zeal to agitate for real change from ruling elites.

Case in point: during Moi's rule thousands of ngos were registered but the net effect was increased poverty, while the thieving and mismanagement of the rulers (propped up by the governments churning out the volunteers), went on.
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Whose fault?
written by Kim G , September 10, 2008
The modern world is a tough place and its growing increasingly individualistic in nature. The question is: why should the rest of the world help Kenya without expecting anything else in return? Whatever they get for their aid could be in the form of goodwill, the feel-good effect or simply the experience, as you put it. Why do we expect people to come from thousands of miles away, help us, then keep quiet about it? Sometimes, the naivety of Kenyans is truly amazing.
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795
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written by mkosakabila , September 10, 2008
Great point Kim G.
Many volunteers, while they may have their hearts at the right place, also have their heads firmly on the ground (read careers). Not forgetting the very many interesting stories at dinner tables. Quite priceless really.
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written by De Hanscutter Pierre , October 08, 2008
I complelty agree with the author of this article. As president of a voluntary and non profit organization doing real local work, i can not accept that these profit travel use our work to earn money.
no, no and no, poverty is not a zoo for tourist wishing to have alternative holidays, to live spicy organized "adventure" between the soooo kind poor kids and so nice on pictures...

Unfortunately voluntourism is becoming more and more popolar because these company have huge budget to do marketing what can not non profit organization because they have to use their their budget to pay social projects...
Some potential volunteer join these program thinking they will really be volunteer... of course, they come back desinpointed and become "anti volunteer"....

no, volunteer is not a new way to make business
no, solidarity is not a new market !

Pierre De Hanscutter
President of SJ Vietnam, www.sjvietnam.org
32 495 680 934
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I completly agree
written by Esteban , November 05, 2008
I am from southamerica and frankly, i do not see any benefit coming from all the NGO agencies around here. They just take poor people to reach out gov grants, and multilateral funds, as IADB, WORLD BANK and the European Comunity. At the end of the day they just pay for their incomes, show some pictures of people smiling at some village...to justify their spendings and them before the project is finished they just look for another grant to try to save the world on others peoples tax money.

If really Gov want to do something, if they really speak for free trade, and competition, I tell you rich countries should open their frontiers, so workers can migrate freely and look for better opportunities for them and their beloved ones.

Also, fair trade should be promoted, as a way of helping starters to move forward.... and instead of giving all the grants they spend in NGO, they should spend it directly in scholarship, education, food, and shelter programs that goes directly to comunities.(Cut the middlemean, or at least make him more accountable)

Regards...


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Permission?
written by Reem , November 12, 2008
Hello, I am a student from Realms of Inquiry private school. We are creating a website called Global Activists. We will be posting stories, blogs, photos, video files, and audio files on the volunteer work people have done throughout different countries. We will be contacting people asking permission to post their blogs on our website. Our goal is to inspire people to get out there and help make the world a better place. With your permission I will put this blog up on our site. Thanks.
-Reem
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NGOs need to go, Volunteerism must end too.
written by Ajiambo. , December 09, 2008
Paul De Waard,
Of course my gratitude is to you for your genuine desire to help.

However for most foreigners, it is a resume 'thingie' and personal redemption issue (the stars of America). The self help books tell them it is good for health. Nothing exemplifies it better than Ron Artest who had the audacity to quip ' I have a good side to me too, for I can help a homeless child in Nrb get a pair of shoes'. That is after his uncouth behavior at an NBA game.

I have been a lone crusader of Banning NGOs in Africa for 4 years now. They disable Africans more than they help. Matter of fact, the Africans become poorer.

Perhaps my brother is right when he says it is our generation that must lead the revolution in mind sets.

If we take stock of all the resources in Africa that the West/East want so badly, we should be walking on gold paved roads. Look at what Shell/BP/Agip has done to Nigeria. How many of us here know of any other oil producing country that is steeped in poverty like the Niger delta. But notice one thing, it is Oil from Africans.

No, please, do not use the Cliched argument that Africa is corrupt. That is what they want us to beleive. It is much deeper, and if you try to get to it, you will be executed.

The West will never help Africa, we are on our own. Today Kenya's population, 75% is below 35. Let us not squander this chance. We must let the West know that we may be 'poor' (the jury is out on that one), but we know we can help ourselves.

The jury is still out on our poverty issue because as my Professor says, in 10 years, only Africa has the resources the rest of the world needs. The East is ferrociously staking its claim (Korea has just acquired a million acres of land to farm for the next 100 years somewhere in Africa), and the West is not about to easily let go.

Granted, we will be raped all over again, but this time, we should demand for more, or at least have of a choice of where to 'prostitute' ourselves.


Let us use their own Laws to say No. Pass the word.




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Change comes from within
written by Change our way of thinking , January 13, 2009
A change in the way we think is needed to make a difference in Africa and to reduce poverty. If we rely on others to take us out of poverty we will never see any change.

As a fellow African, let's take responsibility for our own families and our own lives and make the difference ourselves. Let's learn how to increase the yield of our crops without fertilizers and fancy western ways of farming. Let's learn about and teach others within our communities on issues like basic health issues, skills development, disease prevention, nutrition, social responsibilities (caring for each other and our selves) and the importance of education and skills.

Our way of thinking will make a difference. We will then start to take responsibility for our own situations and then do something about it. It will take hard work, dedication, consistency, ongoing changes in mind sets, taking a stand against the hand out mentality (which means the beneficiaries of those hand outs will give you a hard time), focus and a strong will.

CHANGE can happen in our day and age. Fighting with the NGO's won't make a difference. Rather let them change their ways. Suggest a more effective way of doing things. They can be partners in bringing positive change to our countries and the poor in Africa.

So let's get on with it and make a difference.


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written by Ciku , January 15, 2009
This touches a raw nerve in me. I am guilty as hell for taking tourists to 'see' the kids. Being an affiliate of the tourism industry, I have often 'taken' them to the deep interiours of Nyeri and Masailand! I usually stand there, my hands crossed on my chest maybe with shame, watch as the 'almost white with dirt' children pause for pictures, listen to the tourist declare 'she is very cute', something I usually don't agree on as I don't think anyone can be hungry and cute, but I dutifully agree with them! My only consolation is they usually leave some money to the poor families, but I still cannot ignore the famous quote (can't remember who by) that 'give a man fish and you feed them for the day, give them a fishing rod and you feed them for life' or something to that effect!
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