Talking progress, finally PDF  | Print |  E-mail
Written by Peter Ndiangui   
Wednesday, 16 May 2007 08:22
K enyans go to the next election likely to be choosing between one of two large parties. They would do well to nurture and defend the evolving two-horse race of ODM-K & NARC-K and the continued existence of two strong parties.
The evolving parties will be at the heart of an evolving democracy in the country and we will need to make the parties competitive and enhance the ability of each of them to offer divergent opinions on policies that will shape Kenya's economic and social Agenda. In all honesty , the recent introduction of free secondary schooling by the Kibaki regime would not have come by were it not for the ODM-K presidential candidates visions all pointing to this idea. This competition, a jostling for the public heart results in a government that tries to play catch-up with a strong opposition whose policy is driven by a development agenda.

This works just like in the business world, where competition by firms to grab a slice of the market share translates to superior customer value, and we all know the effects of duopoly and monopolistic competition.

After 1992, Kenya went through a monopolistic competition, where KANU faced a fragmented opposition in parliament. Devoid of prior experience this was also a period for the opposition to learn what being an 'opposition party' really meant. Even after the repealing of section 2A of the constitution, the national mindset of what an opposition party meant was still evolving.

In fact up till this day most Kenyan MPs seem to have only the vaguest idea not only of what it means to be a an opposition MP but also what it means to be a law maker (MP). Not even cabinet ministers exhibit a full understanding of their job description and the required conduct of themselves in the House.

We have heard for example, MPs' complaints about what the government needs to do about corruption. Complaints from MPs who themselves have the power to legislate have not been pro-active in for example empowering the KACC or reducing presidential influence in the appointment and dismissal of judges; which are some of the key pillars in the fight against graft. So far too often, the MP seems to see himself as a helpless bystander, the perception being that only those in the very heart of government can do anything to cause change in the country.

Back to the post-1992 scenario. KANU operated for 10 years as a monopoly of policy development with little input if any from the opposition. This was so because much of the opposition couldn't speak with one voice in parliament since there was no ideological glue binding them. It was also reinforced by the fact that many of the opposition MPs only thought of themselves as having the capability to serve Kenyans when they formed the next government and not before. This led to a less proactive nature in policy formulations by the opposition parties of that time.

Currently as it stands out KANU wouldn't have played that role either and we might have ended up with a return to the policy monopoly of NARC. However, as a result of the dishonored MOU and the return to the opposition of the LDP arm of the ruling coalition, KANU has had an education on the role of an opposition mp.

NARC's ascension to power has thus started Kenyans on a long learning curve towards the adoption of a culture of issue-oriented politics, which for sure has been gaining momentum; Issue such as free health insurance, 10% economic growth, a presidency with diminished powers  (a consequence of the 2005 referendum) have all started to gain a place in the national psyche. The politics of hand-outs and 'eating' are being relegated to the periphery of the political sphere, albeit at a slow pace.

The growth in importance to Kenyans of these issues, as well as a media that is less servile to the whims of government is what shapes a democracy. The competition for the public imagination and the subsequent delivery of services then translates to good governance not just in the serving government but in successive governments as well. No government would encourage the waste of public resources in trying to offer value to a Kenyan taxpayer who is both well informed about its promises and capable of voting it out if the opposing side has better articulated alternative policies. In other words, the teachers' salaries deal now coming into fruition, the free-primary schooling now being offered by the NARC regime can only go on with prudent management of resources. i.e. optimized tax collection and optimized utilization of the collected tax. This would mean fighting corruption by default to ensure those resources are used to make Kenyans happy through the value of well paid civil servants or free-primary education.

Clearly a refutation of the old proverb about two elephants fighting. As the NARC-K and ODM-K behemoths jostle for the limelight and public approval, each fully aware that the slightest misstep could be punished by their large and powerful rival, the grass is singing.

 


Written on Wednesday, 16 May 2007 08:22 by Peter Ndiangui

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written by aeichener , May 16, 2007
Any political article that goes beyond the usual mix of personalized politicking and bigmanism is a welcome breath of fresh air.

I disagree with Peter's initial statement, but it is certainly a good challenge for thought. Two-party systems have proven to be noxious and very detrimental to the common good, be it in the United Kingdom, be it in the USA. They are actually an adversary of true democracy.

I can see and respect Peter's concern; a concern of factionism and chameleonic loyalty-changing (like Gado just wonderfully drew it). Indeed, Kenyan needs not "Italian conditions". The Italian export of her politics to East Africa from 1935-1942 was enough, one could say ;-). But there are far more other countries that show that a multi-party system can be stable and working.

As to the Parliament not living up to its primary duty of being a law-maker, Peter is right of course. Bunge does not have the extensive and expensive apparatus that would support MPs in this duty, as is common in democracies in the Global North. Okay, the Attorney General's office does not have such personnel either (their entire legal drafting section is the shame and laughing stock of Africa), but that's another problem.

I would urge everybody to have an actual look at the Hansard, to see and check what her parliament is doing for her. Recently (after much incessant ass-kicking by the indefatigable Mzalendo crew), Bunge gots its act together and presented a really informative website. And they have almost one year of Hansard online. Read it. Read it!

Once you have carefully perused it, you'll have a much better and fairer image of your MPs. There still is much shadow, but also some light. And you can see the glaring and overwhelming weaknesses of the Westminster system much better once you have read through a few days of debates; notably the numerous dysfunctional Standing Orders which make the whole parliament a travesty of itself, and fairly useless for anything substantial. When will they change these?
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two-party system
written by emmo opoti , May 16, 2007
Exactly right Alex. What a two party system does best is to starve the people of choice. When the Democrats in the USA and the Republicans even their top ten or so members) decide to take a stance, be it on military spending, Israel, climate change, guns or whatever else, the country has no more say in the matter. All the world can demonstrate in the streets but there is nothing that will change.

True democracy only comes about when there are as many party positions as are necessary, when each party even those representing tribal factions like Farmers' Unions or Civil Servants for example can have an impact on national politics.
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written by Amir Ibrahim , May 16, 2007
In our peculiar Kenyan case, there seems nothing in the world that could for example bring the Kibaki government down. Why? It has locked up for good or for bad till death do us part every last vote in Central Kenya. The very same problem will present itself in an ODM-K government. All you have to do is read the opinions of the people from these regions. The slavish attitudes of the majority which kill it off for the rest of us.

Now does anyone really think that Tugen votes matter at all? Or Giriama ones? A two-party system rewards the big communities and renders totally irrelevant the smaller ones. For an example, look at how Asians and African Americans are completely ignored by both camps in the UK or the USA.

P.S. As much as the tit-for-tat in the imagination stakes is pleasant, it is only delivery that will benefit Kenyans.

P.S 2, will an editor please look over my article?
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Of Value-focussed parties
written by pndiangui , May 16, 2007
Alex , Emmo & Amir

What you propose would is actually very relevant to an electorate who clearly understands what politicians should be held accountable for. In other words they understand the results they need to see from politicians.
My concern is that in our current young democracy ,dominant political parties silence the voice of fragmented parties that are not bound by any ideology to champion for alternative RESULTS.
In essense competition , makes consumers of RESULTS aware of what they need to be asking for. I draw the example of market competition involving competing companies to illustrate how sensitized masses get to know of other better alternatives forcing the prior sleeping monopoly to innovate and increase its value delivery to the masses.
What then happens through this phase is a 'learning by default' of why things are the way they are among the people. People start grasping isssues such high intrest rates , taxation, revenue collection, heath-care, legistration and such. After this level even independent candidates will be welcome because people understand why they should back them. Rather than prior fragmentation (that we are coming from) which is basically based on tribal fiadoms or 'its our time to eat' (what we dont undestand what is being eaten or why it becomes available to be 'eaten' etc etc) altitude devoid of any ideological bond or understanding of the issues that need to be addressed or put right to shape up the lives such a group. So we end up with people fragmenting around 'leaders' who take advantage of their ignorance and they become tribal chiefs that pretend to act on behalf of their fragmented groups/communities while using those positions to negotiate for their own material wealth or powerful seats that end up not benefitting any of their community.
In the end political parties that are held together by an ideology or a purpose that they can be held accountable for, in precence of a similar competitor , the result will be a better educated mass of what they should be expecting , raised performance measurements for each of the parties and value to the masses.
At a level of where some of the North democracies are , then even partyless Nations can operate. Infact much as wananchi have been getting some value out of the emerging competition in Kenya , the key benefit I see in the emerging scenarios is the building of a critical mass of a 'knowledgeable voter' of what politicians should be held accountable for by the him/her.
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written by Tim Norwood , May 16, 2007
Peter,
Firstly, we must not wait for a later date to enforce democratic habits. Every day we lose or spend walking in the wrong direction further entraps us and engenders harmful habits. The sons and daughters of the kleptocracies of the last 45 years are unlikely to be charitable about letting go of the family loot or advantage for example.
Secondly, ideology is not such a bad thing, if only some flexibility is allowed. If in the course of the competition between the two or more main forces a compromise is reached someplace in the middle, then the ideological balance is likely beneficial to the public.

Fianlly,
Emmo,Alex, Amir
Does Kenyan law allow for coalitions? Real ones, I mean. That is the only true democracy. See Amir's related article.
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written by Stephen Wanyama , May 16, 2007
Ndiangui,
Not to make too fine a point of it, but to realise just how terrible the two party system is, look at the American Presidential election and especially at the recent debate among the Republican canidates.

While Rudy Giuliani and the rest of them kept bleating on and on about hate, and fantasies such as 'Muslims hate us because they hate our freedom', Ron Paul was conspicuously ignored by America. So cartoons like O'Reilly and Hannity and Limbaugh are much more revered than actual thinkers.
There is no debate in America on almost all issues, and where there is debate one of the sides is often so very wrong but at the same time so very supported, even by the majority of the country. When only two views are halal, the truth is bound to get lost in the translation.

Your example about duopolies shows this point exactly. The consumer only benefits when the market is filled with many competing players.

To add to the arguments from above. True democracy is achieved when the voter enjoys choice. Thus even when there are two large parties (like in Germany or Japan for example), the other parties in the system (the small ones ) that is control the system by deciding coalitions. So whilst the system retains the balance inherent in the conservative stances of the traditionally large parties, these parties can only form governments by moderating their positions and including smaller players. In a two-party system on the other hand, the two party positions are so rigid and far apart that there is little competition for core voter groups. This is why elections in some countries (where we are heading) are decided purely on the opinion of a select faction. This culture enforces a need in the parties to either swerve to the extremes and therefore leave an unrepresented centre, or else to steal to the centre, or in the other direction and effectively disenfranchise one's core voters (Tony Blair).

Yes, Tim Amir's article speaks of the exact same thing.
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